Global aviation demand, energy efficiency and CO₂ emissions, 1990 to 2021

Passenger demand (billion pass…Passenger demand (billion passenger-km)19902021200020105kFreight demand (million-ton km)Freight demand (million-ton km)1990202120002010100kEnergy intensity (per passenger…Energy intensity (per passenger-km)19902021200020102 MJCO₂ per unit energy (gCO₂eq p…CO₂ per unit energy (gCO₂eq per MJ)199020212000201050CO₂ intensity (gCO₂ per passe…CO₂ intensity (gCO₂ per passenger-km)1990202120002010200CO₂ emissions (billion tonnes)CO₂ emissions (billion tonnes)19902021200020100.5

Data source: Bergero et al. (2023). Pathways to net-zero emissions from aviation.Learn more about this data

Note: Carbon emissions are measured in carbon-dioxide equivalents, without adjustment for additional warming at altitude.

Global aviation demand, energy efficiency and CO₂ emissions

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