Annual CO₂ emissions, 2021

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from fossil fuels and industry. Land-use change is not included.

Annual CO₂ emissions tonnes

Country/area	2021
Afghanistan	10,271,881.00 t
Albania	5,134,120.00 t
Algeria	179,596,320.00 t
Andorra	410,368.00 t
Angola	19,195,578.00 t
Anguilla	142,896.00 t
Antigua and Barbuda	637,536.00 t
Argentina	191,107,840.00 t
Armenia	7,417,117.00 t
Aruba	857,376.00 t
Australia	389,019,520.00 t
Austria	65,757,468.00 t
Azerbaijan	38,292,976.00 t
Bahamas	2,476,864.00 t
Bahrain	36,195,830.00 t
Bangladesh	107,621,110.00 t
Barbados	1,175,740.00 t
Belarus	60,938,200.00 t
Belgium	94,886,104.00 t
Belize	613,022.00 t
Benin	5,759,265.00 t
Bermuda	516,623.97 t
Bhutan	1,595,828.00 t
Bolivia	21,756,278.00 t
Bonaire Sint Eustatius and Saba	113,584.00 t
Bosnia and Herzegovina	21,264,064.00 t
Botswana	6,008,960.00 t
Brazil	498,016,860.00 t
British Virgin Islands	183,200.00 t
Brunei	11,712,750.00 t
Bulgaria	42,425,090.00 t
Burkina Faso	6,289,259.00 t
Burundi	775,342.00 t
Cambodia	19,248,236.00 t
Cameroon	9,605,282.00 t
Canada	540,311,600.00 t
Cape Verde	545,936.00 t
Central African Republic	241,824.00 t
Chad	2,670,142.00 t
Chile	83,655,176.00 t
China	11,447,913,000.00 t
Christmas Island	0.00 t
Colombia	94,323,270.00 t
Comoros	498,304.00 t
Congo	7,414,592.00 t
Cook Islands	69,616.00 t
Costa Rica	7,647,175.00 t
Cote d'Ivoire	13,669,025.00 t
Croatia	17,410,670.00 t
Cuba	22,552,592.00 t
Curacao	2,000,544.10 t
Cyprus	7,170,389.00 t
Czechia	96,645,176.00 t
Democratic Republic of Congo	4,268,556.00 t
Denmark	29,587,502.00 t
Djibouti	531,545.00 t
Dominica	161,216.00 t
Dominican Republic	30,835,334.00 t
East Timor	620,168.00 t
Ecuador	38,204,230.00 t
Egypt	260,935,820.00 t
El Salvador	7,581,415.00 t
Equatorial Guinea	7,119,171.00 t
Eritrea	681,637.00 t
Estonia	10,390,745.00 t
Eswatini	1,011,263.94 t
Ethiopia	16,160,769.00 t
Faroe Islands	780,432.00 t
Fiji	1,095,536.00 t
Finland	37,798,000.00 t
France	305,607,230.00 t
French Polynesia	875,696.00 t
Gabon	5,531,466.00 t
Gambia	725,472.00 t
Georgia	11,094,497.00 t
Germany	678,777,300.00 t
Ghana	20,546,160.00 t
Greece	57,519,204.00 t
Greenland	566,715.00 t
Grenada	311,440.00 t
Guatemala	19,805,034.00 t
Guinea	4,125,664.20 t
Guinea-Bissau	304,112.00 t
Guyana	3,581,269.00 t
Haiti	3,483,521.00 t
Honduras	10,187,936.00 t
Hong Kong	33,716,964.00 t
Hungary	48,330,956.00 t
Iceland	3,508,308.00 t
India	2,674,221,800.00 t
Indonesia	619,622,400.00 t
Iran	779,755,600.00 t
Iraq	159,044,850.00 t
Ireland	37,544,270.00 t
Israel	59,007,950.00 t
Italy	335,977,820.00 t
Jamaica	7,345,511.00 t
Japan	1,061,905,300.00 t
Jordan	20,638,542.00 t
Kazakhstan	255,142,930.00 t
Kenya	22,314,226.00 t
Kiribati	65,952.00 t
Kosovo	8,815,973.00 t
Kuwait	95,130,230.00 t
Kyrgyzstan	10,326,665.00 t
Laos	22,801,204.00 t
Latvia	7,238,093.00 t
Lebanon	19,291,330.00 t
Lesotho	3,425,840.00 t
Liberia	782,557.00 t
Libya	56,540,852.00 t
Liechtenstein	145,884.00 t
Lithuania	13,851,095.00 t
Luxembourg	8,420,578.00 t
Macao	1,025,920.06 t
Madagascar	4,454,924.00 t
Malawi	1,884,698.00 t
Malaysia	273,152,500.00 t
Maldives	1,971,232.00 t
Mali	6,885,983.00 t
Malta	1,610,855.00 t
Marshall Islands	146,560.00 t
Mauritania	4,503,056.00 t
Mauritius	3,971,776.00 t
Mexico	446,834,100.00 t
Micronesia (country)	142,896.00 t
Moldova	5,849,646.00 t
Mongolia	41,852,420.00 t
Montenegro	2,410,912.00 t
Montserrat	21,984.00 t
Morocco	70,245,224.00 t
Mozambique	7,867,599.00 t
Myanmar	29,599,936.00 t
Namibia	3,900,919.00 t
Nauru	54,960.00 t
Nepal	15,723,567.00 t
Netherlands	139,683,650.00 t
New Caledonia	4,536,780.00 t
New Zealand	34,322,604.00 t
Nicaragua	5,144,894.00 t
Niger	2,712,771.00 t
Nigeria	135,070,380.00 t
Niue	7,328.00 t
North Korea	53,951,624.00 t
North Macedonia	6,488,741.00 t
Norway	41,028,000.00 t
Oman	75,116,290.00 t
Pakistan	247,901,340.00 t
Palau	212,512.00 t
Palestine	3,634,688.00 t
Panama	10,540,848.00 t
Papua New Guinea	8,129,648.00 t
Paraguay	8,133,305.50 t
Peru	52,016,748.00 t
Philippines	141,174,030.00 t
Poland	330,979,420.00 t
Portugal	40,284,110.00 t
Qatar	104,244,050.00 t
Romania	77,270,420.00 t
Russia	1,711,993,300.00 t
Rwanda	1,658,745.00 t
Saint Helena	10,992.00 t
Saint Kitts and Nevis	230,832.00 t
Saint Lucia	505,631.97 t
Saint Pierre and Miquelon	54,960.00 t
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	234,496.00 t
Samoa	245,488.00 t
Sao Tome and Principe	142,896.00 t
Saudi Arabia	695,841,900.00 t
Senegal	12,309,421.00 t
Serbia	43,683,996.00 t
Seychelles	611,888.00 t
Sierra Leone	1,256,752.00 t
Singapore	50,100,000.00 t
Sint Maarten (Dutch part)	685,168.00 t
Slovakia	35,215,996.00 t
Slovenia	13,058,881.00 t
Solomon Islands	289,456.00 t
Somalia	619,216.00 t
South Africa	425,917,900.00 t
South Korea	616,075,000.00 t
South Sudan	1,755,056.00 t
Spain	229,069,380.00 t
Sri Lanka	23,015,166.00 t
Sudan	22,218,356.00 t
Suriname	2,643,140.00 t
Sweden	38,633,692.00 t
Switzerland	35,779,836.00 t
Syria	26,034,452.00 t
Taiwan	283,570,900.00 t
Tajikistan	9,227,823.00 t
Tanzania	18,266,576.00 t
Thailand	267,141,810.00 t
Togo	2,670,490.00 t
Tonga	190,528.00 t
Trinidad and Tobago	36,413,136.00 t
Tunisia	31,166,850.00 t
Turkey	452,702,800.00 t
Turkmenistan	63,434,730.00 t
Turks and Caicos Islands	366,400.00 t
Tuvalu	10,992.00 t
Uganda	6,167,196.00 t
Ukraine	210,153,310.00 t
United Arab Emirates	216,231,700.00 t
United Kingdom	344,510,080.00 t
United States	5,032,213,000.00 t
Uruguay	7,833,110.00 t
Uzbekistan	120,240,860.00 t
Vanuatu	216,176.00 t
Venezuela	78,459,940.00 t
Vietnam	313,972,580.00 t
Wallis and Futuna	29,312.00 t
Yemen	10,870,608.00 t
Zambia	7,785,735.00 t
Zimbabwe	10,203,630.00 t
Other
Africa	1,441,534,000.00 t
Africa (GCP)	1,441,523,000.00 t
Antarctica	0.00 t
Asia	21,640,397,000.00 t
Asia (GCP)	18,894,787,000.00 t
Asia (excl. China and India)	7,518,262,300.00 t
Central America (GCP)	172,782,940.00 t
Europe	5,304,039,400.00 t
Europe (GCP)	5,304,039,400.00 t
Europe (excl. EU-27)	2,502,895,000.00 t
Europe (excl. EU-28)	2,158,385,200.00 t
European Union (27)	2,801,144,000.00 t
European Union (28)	3,145,654,300.00 t
High-income countries	14,433,055,000.00 t
International aviation	293,715,900.00 t
International shipping	599,905,340.00 t
Kuwaiti Oil Fires (GCP)	0.00 t
Low-income countries	194,180,020.00 t
Lower-middle-income countries	4,489,789,400.00 t
Middle East (GCP)	2,753,740,800.00 t
Non-OECD (GCP)	24,323,074,000.00 t
North America	6,192,752,600.00 t
North America (GCP)	6,019,980,300.00 t
North America (excl. USA)	1,160,539,400.00 t
OECD (GCP)	11,775,041,000.00 t
Oceania	439,661,570.00 t
Oceania (GCP)	431,531,940.00 t
Ryukyu Islands (GCP)	0.00 t
South America	1,079,731,200.00 t
South America (GCP)	1,079,731,200.00 t
Upper-middle-income countries	16,980,641,000.00 t
World	36,991,734,000.00 t

Data

Annual CO₂ emissions

GCB

See all data and research on:

CO2 & Greenhouse Gas Emissions

What you should know about this indicator

This data is based on territorial emissions, which do not account for emissions embedded in traded goods.
Emissions from international aviation and shipping are not included in any country or region's emissions. They are only included in the global total emissions.

Annual CO₂ emissions

GCB

Annual total emissions of carbon dioxide (CO₂), excluding land-use change, measured in tonnes.

Source

Global Carbon Budget (2024) – with major processing by Our World in Data

Last updated

November 21, 2024

Next expected update

November 2025

Date range

1750–2023

Unit

tonnes

Sources and processing

This data is based on the following sources

The Global Carbon Budget was founded by the Global Carbon Project (GCP) international science team to track the trends in global carbon emissions and sinks and is a key measure of progress towards the goals of the Paris Agreement. It's widely recognized as the most comprehensive report of its kind.

The GCP has been publishing estimates of global and national fossil CO2 emissions since 2001. In the first instance these were simple re-publications of data from another source, but over subsequent years refinements have been made in response to feedback and identification of inaccuracies.

Retrieved on

November 21, 2024

Retrieved from

https://globalcarbonbudget.org/

Citation

This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data. To cite data downloaded from this page, please use the suggested citation given in Reuse This Work below.

Andrew, R. M., & Peters, G. P. (2024). The Global Carbon Project's fossil CO2 emissions dataset (2024v17) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13981696
The data files of the Global Carbon Budget can be found at: https://globalcarbonbudget.org/carbonbudget/
For more details, see the original paper:
Friedlingstein, P., O'Sullivan, M., Jones, M. W., Andrew, R. M., Bakker, D. C. E., Hauck, J., Landschützer, P., Le Quéré, C., Luijkx, I. T., Peters, G. P., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Schwingshackl, C., Sitch, S., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R. B., Alin, S. R., Anthoni, P., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Becker, M., Bellouin, N., Decharme, B., Bopp, L., Brasika, I. B. M., Cadule, P., Chamberlain, M. A., Chandra, N., Chau, T.-T.-T., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Cronin, M., Dou, X., Enyo, K., Evans, W., Falk, S., Feely, R. A., Feng, L., Ford, D. J., Gasser, T., Ghattas, J., Gkritzalis, T., Grassi, G., Gregor, L., Gruber, N., Gürses, Ö., Harris, I., Hefner, M., Heinke, J., Houghton, R. A., Hurtt, G. C., Iida, Y., Ilyina, T., Jacobson, A. R., Jain, A., Jarníková, T., Jersild, A., Jiang, F., Jin, Z., Joos, F., Kato, E., Keeling, R. F., Kennedy, D., Klein Goldewijk, K., Knauer, J., Korsbakken, J. I., Körtzinger, A., Lan, X., Lefèvre, N., Li, H., Liu, J., Liu, Z., Ma, L., Marland, G., Mayot, N., McGuire, P. C., McKinley, G. A., Meyer, G., Morgan, E. J., Munro, D. R., Nakaoka, S.-I., Niwa, Y., O'Brien, K. M., Olsen, A., Omar, A. M., Ono, T., Paulsen, M., Pierrot, D., Pocock, K., Poulter, B., Powis, C. M., Rehder, G., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., Rödenbeck, C., Rosan, T. M., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Smallman, T. L., Smith, S. M., Sospedra-Alfonso, R., Sun, Q., Sutton, A. J., Sweeney, C., Takao, S., Tans, P. P., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., Tsujino, H., Tubiello, F., van der Werf, G. R., van Ooijen, E., Wanninkhof, R., Watanabe, M., Wimart-Rousseau, C., Yang, D., Yang, X., Yuan, W., Yue, X., Zaehle, S., Zeng, J., and Zheng, B.: Global Carbon Budget 2023, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 5301-5369, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5301-2023, 2023.

How we process data at Our World in Data

All data and visualizations on Our World in Data rely on data sourced from one or several original data providers. Preparing this original data involves several processing steps. Depending on the data, this can include standardizing country names and world region definitions, converting units, calculating derived indicators such as per capita measures, as well as adding or adapting metadata such as the name or the description given to an indicator.

At the link below you can find a detailed description of the structure of our data pipeline, including links to all the code used to prepare data across Our World in Data.

Read about our data pipeline

Notes on our processing step for this indicator

Data on global emissions has been converted from tonnes of carbon to tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO₂) using a conversion factor of 3.664.
Emissions from the Kuwaiti oil fires in 1991 have been included as part of Kuwait's emissions for that year.
Country's share of the global population is calculated using our population dataset, based on different sources.
Each country's share of global CO₂ emissions from flaring has been calculated using global CO₂ emissions from flaring provided in the Global Carbon Budget dataset.

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All data, visualizations, and code produced by Our World in Data are completely open access under the Creative Commons BY license. You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited.

Citations

How to cite this page

To cite this page overall, including any descriptions, FAQs or explanations of the data authored by Our World in Data, please use the following citation:

“Data Page: Annual CO₂ emissions”, part of the following publication: Hannah Ritchie, Pablo Rosado, and Max Roser (2023) - “CO₂ and Greenhouse Gas Emissions”. Data adapted from Global Carbon Project. Retrieved from https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co2-emissions-per-country [online resource]

How to cite this data

In-line citationIf you have limited space (e.g. in data visualizations), you can use this abbreviated in-line citation:

Global Carbon Budget (2024) – with major processing by Our World in Data

Full citation

Global Carbon Budget (2024) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Annual CO₂ emissions – GCB” [dataset]. Global Carbon Project, “Global Carbon Budget” [original data]. Retrieved April 17, 2025 from https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co2-emissions-per-country

Annual CO₂ emissions, 2021

Annual CO₂ emissions

What you should know about this indicator

Sources and processing

This data is based on the following sources

Global Carbon Project – Global Carbon Budget

How we process data at Our World in Data

Notes on our processing step for this indicator

Reuse this work

Citations

How to cite this page

How to cite this data

Our World in Data is free and accessible for everyone.

Annual CO₂ emissions, 2021

Annual CO₂ emissions

What you should know about this indicator

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Explore charts that include this data

Sources and processing

This data is based on the following sources

Global Carbon Project – Global Carbon Budget

How we process data at Our World in Data

Notes on our processing step for this indicator

Reuse this work

Citations

How to cite this page

How to cite this data

Our World in Data is free and accessible for everyone.