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Data

Share that disagrees that vaccines are effective

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Vaccination

About this data

Share that disagrees that vaccines are effective
The share of respondents who said they 'strongly disagree' or 'tend to disagree' with the statement vaccines are effective.
Source
Vaccine Confidence Project (2025) – processed by Our World in Data
Last updated
June 4, 2025
Next expected update
June 2026
Date range
2015–2025
Unit
%

Related research and writing

How many people support vaccination across the world?

Hannah Ritchie and Samantha Vanderslott

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Sources and processing

This data is based on the following sources

Vaccine Confidence Project – Vaccine Confidence Index

The Vaccine Confidence Index (VCI) uses a standardised methodology and questions to examine individuals’ overall perceptions of the importance, safety, effectiveness and compatibility of vaccines with people’s beliefs.

Retrieved on
June 4, 2025
Retrieved from
https://www.vaccineconfidence.org/vci/map/
Citation
This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data. To cite data downloaded from this page, please use the suggested citation given in Reuse This Work below.
Vaccine Confidence Index (2025) Vaccine Confidence Project.

The Vaccine Confidence Index (VCI) uses a standardised methodology and questions to examine individuals’ overall perceptions of the importance, safety, effectiveness and compatibility of vaccines with people’s beliefs.

Retrieved on
June 4, 2025
Retrieved from
https://www.vaccineconfidence.org/vci/map/
Citation
This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data. To cite data downloaded from this page, please use the suggested citation given in Reuse This Work below.
Vaccine Confidence Index (2025) Vaccine Confidence Project.

How we process data at Our World in Data

All data and visualizations on Our World in Data rely on data sourced from one or several original data providers. Preparing this original data involves several processing steps. Depending on the data, this can include standardizing country names and world region definitions, converting units, calculating derived indicators such as per capita measures, as well as adding or adapting metadata such as the name or the description given to an indicator.

At the link below you can find a detailed description of the structure of our data pipeline, including links to all the code used to prepare data across Our World in Data.

Read about our data pipeline
Notes on our processing step for this indicator

To calculate this value, we sum the shares of people who strongly disagree and those who tend to disagree with the statement that vaccines are effective. Where multiple surveys were conducted in a country in a given year we calculated a weighted average of the each response category using the number of respondents as weights. We exclude rows where the sum of the shares of all response categories is less than 98% or greater than 102% of the total number of respondents, as these are occasions when a different set of survey responses were used.

Reuse this work

  • All data produced by third-party providers and made available by Our World in Data are subject to the license terms from the original providers. Our work would not be possible without the data providers we rely on, so we ask you to always cite them appropriately (see below). This is crucial to allow data providers to continue doing their work, enhancing, maintaining and updating valuable data.
  • All data, visualizations, and code produced by Our World in Data are completely open access under the Creative Commons BY license. You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited.

Citations

How to cite this page

To cite this page overall, including any descriptions, FAQs or explanations of the data authored by Our World in Data, please use the following citation:

“Data Page: Share that disagrees that vaccines are effective”, part of the following publication: Fiona Spooner, Saloni Dattani, Samantha Vanderslott, and Max Roser (2022) - “Vaccination”. Data adapted from Vaccine Confidence Project. Retrieved from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260304-094028/grapher/share-disagrees-vaccines-are-effective.html [online resource] (archived on March 4, 2026).

How to cite this data

In-line citationIf you have limited space (e.g. in data visualizations), you can use this abbreviated in-line citation:

Vaccine Confidence Project (2025) – processed by Our World in Data

Full citation

Vaccine Confidence Project (2025) – processed by Our World in Data. “Share that disagrees that vaccines are effective” [dataset]. Vaccine Confidence Project, “Vaccine Confidence Index” [original data]. Retrieved March 31, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260304-094028/grapher/share-disagrees-vaccines-are-effective.html (archived on March 4, 2026).

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Download the data shown in this chart as a ZIP file containing a CSV file, metadata in JSON format, and a README. The CSV file can be opened in Excel, Google Sheets, and other data analysis tools.

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Data API

Use these URLs to programmatically access this chart's data and configure your requests with the options below. Our documentation provides more information on how to use the API, and you can find a few code examples below.

Data URL (CSV format)
https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-disagrees-vaccines-are-effective.csv?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false
Metadata URL (JSON format)
https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-disagrees-vaccines-are-effective.metadata.json?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false

Code examples

Examples of how to load this data into different data analysis tools.

Excel / Google Sheets
=IMPORTDATA("https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-disagrees-vaccines-are-effective.csv?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false")
Python with Pandas
import pandas as pd
import requests

# Fetch the data.
df = pd.read_csv("https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-disagrees-vaccines-are-effective.csv?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false", storage_options = {'User-Agent': 'Our World In Data data fetch/1.0'})

# Fetch the metadata
metadata = requests.get("https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-disagrees-vaccines-are-effective.metadata.json?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false").json()
R
library(jsonlite)

# Fetch the data
df <- read.csv("https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-disagrees-vaccines-are-effective.csv?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false")

# Fetch the metadata
metadata <- fromJSON("https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-disagrees-vaccines-are-effective.metadata.json?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false")
Stata
import delimited "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-disagrees-vaccines-are-effective.csv?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false", encoding("utf-8") clear