Data

Child mortality

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About this data

Child mortality
Population by country, available from 10,000 BCE to 2100, based on data and estimates from different sources.
Source
United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (2024) – with major processing by Our World in Data
Last updated
September 16, 2024
Next expected update
September 2025
Date range
1800–2022
Unit
deaths per 100 live births

Sources and processing

This data is based on the following sources

The United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME) was formed in 2004 to share data on child mortality, improve methods for child mortality estimation, report on progress towards child survival goals, and enhance country capacity to produce timely and properly assessed estimates of child mortality. The UN IGME is led by the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and includes the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Bank Group and the United Nations Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs as full members.

UN IGME updates its child mortality estimates annually after reviewing newly available data and assessing data quality. The web portal contains the latest UN IGME estimates of child mortality at the country, regional and global levels, and the data used to derive them.

Retrieved on
September 11, 2024
Citation
This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data. To cite data downloaded from this page, please use the suggested citation given in Reuse This Work below.
United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (2024).

This file contains data on child mortality rates compiled by Gapminder, based on multiple sources:

  • 1800 to 1950: Gapminder v7 ( In some cases this is also used for years after 1950, see below.) This was compiled and documented by Mattias Lindgren from many sources, but mainly based on www.mortality.org and the series of books called International Historical Statistics by Brian R Mitchell, which often have historic estimates of Infant mortality rate which were converted to Child mortality through regression. See detailed documentation of v7 below.

  • 1950 to 2018: UNIGME, is a data collaboration project between UNICEF, WHO, UN Population Division and the World Bank. They released new estimates of child mortality for countries and a global estimate on September 19, 2019, which is available at www.childmortality.org. In this dataset 70% of all countries have estimates between 1970 and 2016, while roughly half the countries also reach back to 1950.

  • 1950 to 2100: UN WPP, World Population Prospects 2019 provides annual data for Child mortality rate for all countries in the annually interpolated demographic indicators, called WPP2019_INT_F01_ANNUAL_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS.xlsx In general, We connected our historic estimates from Gapminder v7 to the earliest available year with data in UNIGME or if it didn't have data, we used UN POP from 1950 and on, until UNIGME had data. Depending on data availability, different countries are moving between sources at different points in the period 1930-1980.After 2018, we have extended the UN IGME series with the UN POP numbers. But we haven't extended it with the UN POP actual numbers but instead, we extended it with the UN POP expected change. The data is part of Gapminder effort to build a fact-based worldview by showing the big picture of global development. When we find multiple data sources that haven't been combined we combine them into one consistent timeseries. This often results in large data uncertainty, as the underlaying data-sources use different methodologies etc. But we still dare to combine data that hasn't been combined, as we find it extremely important to visualize the big picture, which people otherwise tend to get absolutely wrong. Before using our data for any other purpose though, please read the documentation to make sure you are aware of our levels of doubts in the data.

Retrieved on
September 21, 2023
Citation
This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data. To cite data downloaded from this page, please use the suggested citation given in Reuse This Work below.
Under-five Mortality Dataset v11, Gapminder (2020)

Our World in Data builds and maintains a long-run dataset on population by country, region, and for the world, based on various sources.

You can find more information on these sources and how our time series is constructed on this page: https://ourworldindata.org/population-sources

Retrieved on
July 11, 2024
Citation
This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data. To cite data downloaded from this page, please use the suggested citation given in Reuse This Work below.
The long-run data on population is based on various sources, described on this page: https://ourworldindata.org/population-sources

How we process data at Our World in Data

All data and visualizations on Our World in Data rely on data sourced from one or several original data providers. Preparing this original data involves several processing steps. Depending on the data, this can include standardizing country names and world region definitions, converting units, calculating derived indicators such as per capita measures, as well as adding or adapting metadata such as the name or the description given to an indicator.

At the link below you can find a detailed description of the structure of our data pipeline, including links to all the code used to prepare data across Our World in Data.

Read about our data pipeline

Reuse this work

  • All data produced by third-party providers and made available by Our World in Data are subject to the license terms from the original providers. Our work would not be possible without the data providers we rely on, so we ask you to always cite them appropriately (see below). This is crucial to allow data providers to continue doing their work, enhancing, maintaining and updating valuable data.
  • All data, visualizations, and code produced by Our World in Data are completely open access under the Creative Commons BY license. You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited.

Citations

How to cite this page

To cite this page overall, including any descriptions, FAQs or explanations of the data authored by Our World in Data, please use the following citation:

“Data Page: Child mortality”, part of the following publication: Saloni Dattani, Fiona Spooner, Hannah Ritchie and Max Roser (2023) - “Child and Infant Mortality”. Data adapted from United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation, Gapminder based on UN IGME & UN WPP, Various sources. Retrieved from https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality-complete-gapminder [online resource]
How to cite this data

In-line citationIf you have limited space (e.g. in data visualizations), you can use this abbreviated in-line citation:

United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (2024) – with major processing by Our World in Data

Full citation

United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (2024) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Child mortality” [dataset]. United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation, “United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation”; Gapminder based on UN IGME & UN WPP, “Under-five Mortality v11”; Various sources, “Population” [original data]. Retrieved November 13, 2024 from https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality-complete-gapminder