Scholarly publications on artificial intelligence per million people
What you should know about this indicator
- The data covers scholarly publications on AI, including journal articles, conference papers, working papers, and preprints.
- Articles are flagged as AI-related using machine learning models trained on subject tags from arXiv, an open repository for scientific papers.
- The models only run on articles with English titles or abstracts. Research published only in other languages is missed. Coverage of Chinese research is also limited, since many Chinese journals are not in the underlying sources.
- An article counts for a country if at least one of its authors is affiliated with an institution there. If authors are based in different countries, it counts once for each.
- Authors are linked to the country of the institution they worked at when the article was published, not their country of origin.
More Data on Artificial Intelligence
Sources and processing
This data is based on the following sources
How we process data at Our World in Data
All data and visualizations on Our World in Data rely on data sourced from one or several original data providers. Preparing this original data involves several processing steps. Depending on the data, this can include standardizing country names and world region definitions, converting units, calculating derived indicators such as per capita measures, as well as adding or adapting metadata such as the name or the description given to an indicator.
At the link below you can find a detailed description of the structure of our data pipeline, including links to all the code used to prepare data across Our World in Data.
Notes on our processing step for this indicator
We divided the source's country-level figures by population to calculate per-million-people values.
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Citations
How to cite this page
To cite this page overall, including any descriptions, FAQs or explanations of the data authored by Our World in Data, please use the following citation:
“Data Page: Scholarly publications on artificial intelligence per million people”, part of the following publication: Charlie Giattino, Edouard Mathieu, Veronika Samborska, and Max Roser (2023) - “Artificial Intelligence”. Data adapted from Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Various sources. Retrieved from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260430-092147/grapher/scholarly-publications-on-artificial-intelligence-per-million-people.html [online resource] (archived on April 30, 2026).How to cite this data
In-line citationIf you have limited space (e.g. in data visualizations), you can use this abbreviated in-line citation:
Center for Security and Emerging Technology (2026); Population based on various sources (2024) – with major processing by Our World in DataFull citation
Center for Security and Emerging Technology (2026); Population based on various sources (2024) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Scholarly publications on artificial intelligence per million people – CSET” [dataset]. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, “Country Activity Tracker: Artificial Intelligence”; Various sources, “Population” [original data]. Retrieved May 2, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260430-092147/grapher/scholarly-publications-on-artificial-intelligence-per-million-people.html (archived on April 30, 2026).Download
Quick download
Download the data shown in this chart as a ZIP file containing a CSV file, metadata in JSON format, and a README. The CSV file can be opened in Excel, Google Sheets, and other data analysis tools.
Data API
Use these URLs to programmatically access this chart's data and configure your requests with the options below. Our documentation provides more information on how to use the API, and you can find a few code examples below.
Data URL (CSV format)
https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/scholarly-publications-on-artificial-intelligence-per-million-people.csv?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=falseMetadata URL (JSON format)
https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/scholarly-publications-on-artificial-intelligence-per-million-people.metadata.json?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=falseExcel / Google Sheets
=IMPORTDATA("https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/scholarly-publications-on-artificial-intelligence-per-million-people.csv?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false")Python with Pandas
import pandas as pd
import requests
# Fetch the data.
df = pd.read_csv("https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/scholarly-publications-on-artificial-intelligence-per-million-people.csv?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false", storage_options = {'User-Agent': 'Our World In Data data fetch/1.0'})
# Fetch the metadata
metadata = requests.get("https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/scholarly-publications-on-artificial-intelligence-per-million-people.metadata.json?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false").json()R
library(jsonlite)
# Fetch the data
df <- read.csv("https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/scholarly-publications-on-artificial-intelligence-per-million-people.csv?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false")
# Fetch the metadata
metadata <- fromJSON("https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/scholarly-publications-on-artificial-intelligence-per-million-people.metadata.json?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false")Stata
import delimited "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/scholarly-publications-on-artificial-intelligence-per-million-people.csv?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false", encoding("utf-8") clear