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Global deaths by infectious syndrome and antimicrobial resistance, 2021

Deaths from infectious diseases, broken down by whether they could be prevented without antimicrobial resistance.Estimates are based on models of causes of death, infection types, pathogens, resistance levels, and their impacton infection duration and complications. Estimates are limited by poor data collection in many regions.

Other deathsDeaths attributed to antimicrobial resistanceLower respiratory infections3.54 millionBloodstream infections3.40 millionDiarrhea1.19 millionTuberculosis1.17 millionAbdominal infections646,000Kidney and urinary tract infections489,000Skin infections327,000Meningitis225,000Typhoid, paratyphoid, and iNTS170,000Endocarditis105,000Bone and joint infections24,500

Data source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME); University of Oxford (2024) – Learn more about this data

Note: "Other deaths" include deaths not attributed to resistance or not assessed for resistance. Deaths can be caused by multiplesyndromes, so the sum of deaths attributed to each syndrome shown here can exceed the total number of deaths.

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