GDP per capita
What you should know about this indicator
- This GDP per capita indicator provides information on economic growth and income levels in the medium run. Some country estimates are available as far back as 1950.
- This data is adjusted for inflation and for differences in the cost of living between countries.
- This data is expressed in international-$ at 2017 prices, using multiple benchmark years to adjust for differences in the cost of living between countries over time.
- For GDP per capita estimates in the very long run, see the Maddison Project Database's indicator.
- For more up-to-date estimates of GDP per capita, see the World Bank's indicator.
Related research and writing
Frequently Asked Questions
What are international-$ and why are they used to measure incomes?
Much of the economic data we use to understand the world – for instance on the goods and services bought or produced by households, firms and governments, or the incomes they receive – is initially recorded in terms of the units in which these transactions took place. That means this data starts out being expressed in a variety of local currencies – as so many rupees, US dollars, or yuan, etc. – and without adjusting for inflation over time. This is known as being in ‘current prices’, or in ‘nominal’ terms.
Sources and processing
This data is based on the following sources
How we process data at Our World in Data
All data and visualizations on Our World in Data rely on data sourced from one or several original data providers. Preparing this original data involves several processing steps. Depending on the data, this can include standardizing country names and world region definitions, converting units, calculating derived indicators such as per capita measures, as well as adding or adapting metadata such as the name or the description given to an indicator.
At the link below you can find a detailed description of the structure of our data pipeline, including links to all the code used to prepare data across Our World in Data.
Notes on our processing step for this indicator
Estimated as the GDP (output, multiple price benchmarks) divided by the population of each country.
This variable uses ICP PPP benchmarks from multiple years to correct for changing prices over time.
Values for Bermuda have been replaced by estimates on GDP per capita (output, single price benchmark) due to the unusual changes on prices in this country.
Values considered outliers from the original dataset (i_outlier = "Outlier"
) have been excluded from the dataset, due to implausible relative prices (PPPs divided by exchange rates).
Reuse this work
- All data produced by third-party providers and made available by Our World in Data are subject to the license terms from the original providers. Our work would not be possible without the data providers we rely on, so we ask you to always cite them appropriately (see below). This is crucial to allow data providers to continue doing their work, enhancing, maintaining and updating valuable data.
- All data, visualizations, and code produced by Our World in Data are completely open access under the Creative Commons BY license. You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited.
Citations
How to cite this page
To cite this page overall, including any descriptions, FAQs or explanations of the data authored by Our World in Data, please use the following citation:
“Data Page: GDP per capita”, part of the following publication: Max Roser, Pablo Arriagada, Joe Hasell, Hannah Ritchie and Esteban Ortiz-Ospina (2023) - “Economic Growth”. Data adapted from Feenstra et al. (2015), Penn World Table (2021). Retrieved from https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-penn-world-table [online resource]
How to cite this data
In-line citationIf you have limited space (e.g. in data visualizations), you can use this abbreviated in-line citation:
Feenstra et al. (2015), Penn World Table (2021) – with major processing by Our World in Data
Full citation
Feenstra et al. (2015), Penn World Table (2021) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “GDP per capita – Penn World Table” [dataset]. Feenstra et al. (2015), Penn World Table (2021), “Penn World Table” [original data]. Retrieved October 9, 2024 from https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-penn-world-table