Our World
in Data
Oxford Martin School logoUniversity of Oxford logoGlobal Change Data Lab logo
Data

Carbon dioxide emission factors

See all data and research on:
CO2 & Greenhouse Gas Emissions

About this data

Carbon dioxide emission factors
Amount of carbon dioxide emissions produced per unit of a specific energy source.
Source
IPCC - Emission Factor Database (2025) – with minor processing by Our World in Data
Last updated
November 26, 2025
Next expected update
November 2026
Date range
2025–2025
Unit
grams of CO₂ per kilowatt-hour

Sources and processing

This data is based on the following sources

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change – Emission Factor Database

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Emission Factor Database (EFDB) is a library of emission factors and parameters that can be used for estimation of national greenhouse gas emissions/removals. For more details, see the User Manual.

Retrieved on
November 26, 2025
Retrieved from
https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/EFDB/
Citation
This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data. To cite data downloaded from this page, please use the suggested citation given in Reuse This Work below.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Emission Factor Database (EFDB) contains default data from IPCC Guidelines and data from other sources (e.g., peer-reviewed papers) with background information.
The data extracted from the IPCC EFDB comes from the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Emission Factor Database (EFDB) is a library of emission factors and parameters that can be used for estimation of national greenhouse gas emissions/removals. For more details, see the User Manual.

Retrieved on
November 26, 2025
Retrieved from
https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/EFDB/
Citation
This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data. To cite data downloaded from this page, please use the suggested citation given in Reuse This Work below.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Emission Factor Database (EFDB) contains default data from IPCC Guidelines and data from other sources (e.g., peer-reviewed papers) with background information.
The data extracted from the IPCC EFDB comes from the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.

How we process data at Our World in Data

All data and visualizations on Our World in Data rely on data sourced from one or several original data providers. Preparing this original data involves several processing steps. Depending on the data, this can include standardizing country names and world region definitions, converting units, calculating derived indicators such as per capita measures, as well as adding or adapting metadata such as the name or the description given to an indicator.

At the link below you can find a detailed description of the structure of our data pipeline, including links to all the code used to prepare data across Our World in Data.

Read about our data pipeline
Notes on our processing step for this indicator

Data has been converted from kilograms per terajoule (kg/TJ) to grams per kilowatt-hour (g/kWh) using a conversion factor of 0.0036.

Reuse this work

  • All data produced by third-party providers and made available by Our World in Data are subject to the license terms from the original providers. Our work would not be possible without the data providers we rely on, so we ask you to always cite them appropriately (see below). This is crucial to allow data providers to continue doing their work, enhancing, maintaining and updating valuable data.
  • All data, visualizations, and code produced by Our World in Data are completely open access under the Creative Commons BY license. You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited.

Citations

How to cite this page

To cite this page overall, including any descriptions, FAQs or explanations of the data authored by Our World in Data, please use the following citation:

“Data Page: Carbon dioxide emission factors”, part of the following publication: Hannah Ritchie, Pablo Rosado, and Max Roser (2023) - “CO₂ and Greenhouse Gas Emissions”. Data adapted from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Retrieved from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260304-094028/grapher/carbon-dioxide-emissions-factor.html [online resource] (archived on March 4, 2026).

How to cite this data

In-line citationIf you have limited space (e.g. in data visualizations), you can use this abbreviated in-line citation:

IPCC - Emission Factor Database (2025) – with minor processing by Our World in Data

Full citation

IPCC - Emission Factor Database (2025) – with minor processing by Our World in Data. “Carbon dioxide emission factors” [dataset]. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, “Emission Factor Database” [original data]. Retrieved April 1, 2026 from https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20260304-094028/grapher/carbon-dioxide-emissions-factor.html (archived on March 4, 2026).

Download

Quick download

Download the data shown in this chart as a ZIP file containing a CSV file, metadata in JSON format, and a README. The CSV file can be opened in Excel, Google Sheets, and other data analysis tools.

Download full data

Includes all entities and time points

Download displayed data

Includes only the entities and time points currently visible in the chart

Data API

Use these URLs to programmatically access this chart's data and configure your requests with the options below. Our documentation provides more information on how to use the API, and you can find a few code examples below.

Data URL (CSV format)
https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/carbon-dioxide-emissions-factor.csv?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false
Metadata URL (JSON format)
https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/carbon-dioxide-emissions-factor.metadata.json?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false

Code examples

Examples of how to load this data into different data analysis tools.

Excel / Google Sheets
=IMPORTDATA("https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/carbon-dioxide-emissions-factor.csv?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false")
Python with Pandas
import pandas as pd
import requests

# Fetch the data.
df = pd.read_csv("https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/carbon-dioxide-emissions-factor.csv?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false", storage_options = {'User-Agent': 'Our World In Data data fetch/1.0'})

# Fetch the metadata
metadata = requests.get("https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/carbon-dioxide-emissions-factor.metadata.json?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false").json()
R
library(jsonlite)

# Fetch the data
df <- read.csv("https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/carbon-dioxide-emissions-factor.csv?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false")

# Fetch the metadata
metadata <- fromJSON("https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/carbon-dioxide-emissions-factor.metadata.json?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false")
Stata
import delimited "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/carbon-dioxide-emissions-factor.csv?v=1&csvType=full&useColumnShortNames=false", encoding("utf-8") clear