Ecuador

Below are all indicators in our database for which this country has a value.

Above-ground biomass in forest per hectare
(2020)
Absolute annual change in primary energy consumption
(2021)
Absolute number of deaths from ambient particulate air pollution
(2015)
Adequacy of social insurance programs
(2019)
Adequacy of social safety net programs
(2019)
Adjusted net saving (current US dollars)
(2019)
Adjusted net savings per capita
(2019)
Adolescent birth rate, 10-14 year olds
(2020)
Adolescent birth rate, 15-19 year olds
(2020)
Adult literacy rate
(2020)
Age dependency ratio
(2021)
Age-standardized death rate from cardiovascular diseases
(2019)
Agricultural land per capita
(2018)
Agricultural land use
(2019)
Agricultural output
(2019)
Agriculture orientation index for government expenditures
(2014)
Agriculture value added per worker
(2019)
Aid received per capita
(2019)
Air passengers carried
(2020)
Air pollution deaths from fossil fuels
(2015)
Air transport, freight (ton-km)
(2020)
Alcohol and drug use disorders as a share of total disease burden
(2019)
Annual CO2 emissions from land-use change per capita
(2021)
Annual CO₂ emissions
(2021)
Annual CO₂ emissions from cement
(2021)
Annual CO₂ emissions from coal
(2021)
Annual CO₂ emissions from flaring
(2021)
Annual CO₂ emissions from gas
(2021)
Annual CO₂ emissions from land-use change
(2021)
Annual CO₂ emissions from oil
(2021)
Annual CO₂ emissions including land-use change
(2021)
Annual change in coal energy consumption
(2021)
Annual change in forest area
(2020)
Annual change in forest area
(2015)
Annual change in forest area as a share of forest area
(2015)
Annual change in fossil fuel consumption
(2021)
Annual change in gas consumption
(2021)
Annual change in hydropower generation
(2021)
Annual change in low-carbon energy generation
(2021)
Annual change in nuclear energy generation
(2020)
Annual change in oil consumption
(2021)
Annual change in primary energy consumption
(2021)
Annual change in renewable energy generation
(2021)
Annual change in solar energy generation
(2021)
Annual change in wind energy generation
(2021)
Annual deforestation as a share of forest area
(2015)
Annual freshwater withdrawals
(2017)
Annual growth of GDP per capita
(2020)
Annual new cases of HIV
(2020)
Annual new cases of neonatal tetanus per million people
(2020)
Annual number of children newly infected with HIV
(2020)
Annual number of objects launched into space
(2013)
Annual percentage change in CO₂ emissions
(2021)
Annual percentage change in coal energy consumption
(2021)
Annual percentage change in fossil fuel consumption
(2021)
Annual percentage change in gas consumption
(2021)
Annual percentage change in hydropower generation
(2021)
Annual percentage change in low-carbon energy generation
(2021)
Annual percentage change in oil consumption
(2021)
Annual percentage change in renewable energy generation
(2021)
Annual percentage change in solar energy generation
(2021)
Annual percentage change in wind energy generation
(2021)
Annual share of global CO₂ emissions
(2021)
Annual working hours per worker
(2017)
Apple production
(2020)
Aquaculture production
(2018)
Arable land needed to produce a fixed quantity of crops
(2014)
Arable land use per person
(2018)
Are married women required by law to obey their husbands?
(2021)
Armed forces personnel
(2019)
Armed forces personnel as a share of the total labor force
(2019)
Armed forces personnel as a share of total population
(2018)
Asthma prevalence
(2019)
Automated teller machines (ATMs)
(2020)
Average income of large-scale food producers
(2014)
Average income of small-scale food producers
(2014)
Average years of schooling for men
(2013)
Average years of schooling for women
(2013)
Avocado production
(2020)
Banana production
(2020)
Banana yields
(2020)
Barley production
(2020)
Barley yields
(2020)
Basic state functionsBTI
(2021)
Bean production
(2020)
Bean yields
(2020)
Beef production
(2020)
Beer consumption per person
(2019)
Birth rate
(2021)
Bribery incidence of firms
(2017)
Bribery prevalence
(2016)
Burden of disease
(2019)
CO₂ emissions embedded in global trade
(2020)
CO₂ emissions embedded in trade
(2020)
CO₂ emissions from aviation
(2018)
CO₂ emissions from domestic air travel
(2018)
Cancer incidence
(2017)
Capture fishery production
(2018)
Carbon emission intensity of economies
(2018)
Carbon intensity of electricity
(2021)
Carbon intensity of energy production
(2021)
Cassava production
(2020)
Cassava yields
(2020)
Cattle meat per animal
(2020)
Cereal production
(2020)
Cereal yield
(2020)
Change in calorie production as a result of climate change impacts on crop yields
(2013)
Chicken meat production
(2020)
Chicken meat yield per animal
(2020)
Child dependency ratio – the ratio between under-19-year-olds and 20-to-69-year-olds
(2021)
Child mortalityLong-run data; Gapminder & UN IGME
(2016)
Child mortality by income level of country
(2020)
Child mortality rateIHME, GBD
(2019)
Child mortality rateUN IGME
(2020)
Child mortality rateUN (from 1950)
(2021)
Child mortality rateWith SDG Target
(2020)
Children living with HIV
(2020)
Children orphaned due to AIDS deaths
(2016)
Civil libertiesFreedom House, rating
(2021)
Civil libertiesFreedom House, score
(2021)
Civil libertiesEIU
(2022)
Civil rightsBTI
(2021)
Coal consumption
(2021)
Coal production
(2016)
Coal production per capita
(2016)
Cocoa bean production
(2020)
Cocoa bean yields
(2020)
Coffee bean production
(2020)
Coffee bean yields
(2020)
Commercial bank branches
(2019)
Competitive electionsLexical Index
(2021)
Competitiveness of executive recruitmentPolity
(2018)
Competitiveness of political participationPolity
(2018)
Completeness of birth registration
(2016)
Completion rate of lower secondary education
(2020)
Condom use among men who have sex with men
(2016)
Constraints on the executivePolity
(2018)
Consumption of ozone-depleting substances
(2014)
Consumption-based CO₂ emissions
(2020)
Consumption-based carbon intensity
(2018)
Corn production
(2020)
Corn yields
(2020)
Corruption Perception Index
(2018)
Cost of a calorie sufficient diet
(2017)
Cost of a calorie sufficient diet as a share of average food expenditure
(2017)
Cost of a healthy diet
(2020)
Cost of a healthy diet as a share of average expenditure on food
(2017)
Cost of a nutrient adequate diet
(2017)
Cost of a nutrient adequate diet as a share of average food expenditure
(2017)
Country position on nuclear weapons
(2022)
Country programmable aid (CPA) received
(2019)
Coverage by protected areas of important sites for mountain biodiversity
(2021)
Crude death rate: the share of the population that dies per year
(2021)
Cumulative CO₂ emissions
(2021)
Cumulative CO₂ emissions from cement
(2021)
Cumulative CO₂ emissions from coal
(2021)
Cumulative CO₂ emissions from flaring
(2021)
Cumulative CO₂ emissions from gas
(2021)
Cumulative CO₂ emissions from land-use change
(2021)
Cumulative CO₂ emissions from oil
(2021)
Cumulative CO₂ emissions including land-use change
(2021)
Cumulative drop-out rate to the last grade of lower secondary general education
(2013)
Cumulative number of objects launched into space
(2013)
DALY rates from communicable, neonatal, maternal & nutritional diseases
(2019)
DALY rates from injuries
(2019)
DALY rates from non-communicable diseases (NCDs)
(2019)
Daily per capita fat supply
(2019)
Daily per capita protein supply
(2019)
Daily supply of calories per person
(2018)
Death rate from Alzheimer's
(2019)
Death rate from HIV/AIDS
(2019)
Death rate from HIV/AIDS
(2019)
Death rate from HIV/AIDS
(2019)
Death rate from air pollution
(2019)
Death rate from air pollution
(2019)
Death rate from alcohol and drug use disorders
(2019)
Death rate from alcohol use disorders
(2019)
Death rate from alcohol use disorders
(2019)
Death rate from ambient particulate air pollution
(2019)
Death rate from amphetamine overdoses
(2019)
Death rate from cancer
(2019)
Death rate from cardiovascular disease
(2019)
Death rate from chronic respiratory diseases
(2019)
Death rate from cocaine overdoses
(2019)
Death rate from conflict and terrorism
(2019)
Death rate from conflict and terrorism
(2019)
Death rate from diabetes
(2019)
Death rate from diabetes
(2019)
Death rate from diabetes
(2019)
Death rate from diarrheal diseases
(2019)
Death rate from diarrheal diseases
(2019)
Death rate from diarrheal diseases
(2019)
Death rate from drowning
(2019)
Death rate from drowning
(2019)
Death rate from drowning
(2019)
Death rate from drug use disorders
(2019)
Death rate from eating disorders
(2019)
Death rate from fires and burns
(2019)
Death rate from indoor air pollution
(2019)
Death rate from infectious diseases
(2019)
Death rate from lead exposure
(2019)
Death rate from malariaWHO, GHO data
(2020)
Death rate from malariaIHME data
(2019)
Death rate from malariaWHO, Global Health Estimates
(2019)
Death rate from malnutrition
(2019)
Death rate from meningitis
(2019)
Death rate from meningitis
(2019)
Death rate from natural disasters
(2019)
Death rate from neonatal preterm birth complication
(2019)
Death rate from obesity
(2019)
Death rate from opioid overdoses
(2019)
Death rate from pneumonia in children
(2019)
Death rate from road incidents
(2019)
Death rate from road injuries
(2019)
Death rate from smoking
(2019)
Death rate from stroke
(2019)
Death rate from substance use disorders
(2019)
Death rate from suicidesWorld Bank data
(2019)
Death rate from suicidesage-standardized, IHME data
(2019)
Death rate from suicidesIHME data
(2019)
Death rate from suicidesWHO data
(2019)
Death rate from suicidesage-standardized, WHO data
(2019)
Death rate from tuberculosis
(2019)
Death rate from tuberculosis
(2019)
Death rate from tuberculosis
(2019)
Death rate from tuberculosis among HIV-negative peopleWHO GHO data
(2020)
Death rate from unintentional poisoning
(2019)
Death rate from unsafe sanitation
(2019)
Death rate from unsafe water sources
(2019)
Death rate from venomous animal contact
(2019)
Death rates from alcohol use disorders
(2019)
Death rates from mental health and substance use disorders
(2017)
Deaths from air pollution
(2019)
Deaths from alcohol and drug use disorders
(2019)
Deaths from alcohol use disorders
(2019)
Deaths from cardiovascular disease
(2019)
Deaths from cardiovascular disease
(2019)
Deaths from chronic respiratory diseases
(2019)
Deaths from conflict and terrorismIHME, GBD
(2019)
Deaths from drug use disorders
(2019)
Deaths from eating disorders
(2019)
Deaths from indoor air pollution
(2019)
Deaths from meningitis
(2019)
Deaths from meningitis
(2019)
Deaths from mental health and substance use disorders
(2017)
Deaths from natural disasters as a share of total deaths
(2019)
Deaths from outdoor air pollution
(2019)
Deaths from road injuries
(2019)
Deaths from road injuries
(2019)
Deaths from terrorism
(2019)
Deaths of children younger than 15 years
(2020)
DemocracyPolity
(2018)
DemocracyEIU
(2022)
Democratic cultureEIU
(2022)
Democratic electoral institutionsFreedom House
(2021)
Democratic featuresBTI
(2021)
Dentistry personnel per 10,000 population
(2017)
Depth of the food deficit in kilocalories per person per day
(2016)
Differences in life expectancy are more regional than national
(2020)
Direct disaster economic loss
(2019)
Direct disaster economic loss as a share of GDP
(2019)
Direct economic loss attributed to disasters
(2020)
Direct popular votingV-Dem
(2021)
Disease burden from lead exposure
(2019)
Disease burden from mental and neurodevelopmental disorders
(2019)
Disease burden from particulate pollution
(2019)
Disease burden rates from cancers
(2019)
Domestic food price volatility index
(2014)
Drowning death rate – children under the age of 5
(2019)
Duration of compulsory education
(2016)
Duration of marriages ending in divorce
(2018)
Duration of pre-primary education
(2016)
Economic Complexity Index by country ranking
(2016)
Education spending as a share of total government expenditure
(2020)
Effective power to governBTI
(2021)
Egg production
(2020)
Eggs per bird
(2020)
Elected political leaders
(2021)
Elections for chief executiveLexical Index
(2021)
Elections for legislatureLexical Index
(2021)
Electoral democracyLexical Index
(2021)
Electoral democracyRegimes of the World
(2021)
Electoral pluralismEIU
(2022)
Electricity access
(2020)
Electricity demand
(2021)
Electricity generation
(2021)
Electricity generation from coal
(2021)
Electricity generation from fossil fuels
(2021)
Electricity generation from gas
(2021)
Electricity generation from low-carbon sources
(2021)
Electricity generation from oil
(2021)
Emissions-weighted carbon price in emissions trading systems
(2020)
Energy imports and exports
(2014)
Energy intensity
(2018)
Energy intensity of economies
(2019)
Energy use per person
(2021)
Estimated completeness of death reporting
(2019)
Estimated number of deaths from malariaWHO GHO data
(2020)
Estimated tuberculosis-related deaths among people living with HIV
(2016)
Excess phosphorous from croplands
(2014)
Excess phosphorous per hectare of cropland
(2014)
Expected years of living with disability or disease burden
(2016)
Expected years of schooling
(2021)
Exported deforestation
(2013)
Exports of goods and services by income group
(2020)
Exposure to air pollution with fine particulate matter
(2017)
Farm machinery per unit of agricultural land
(2019)
Female employment-to-population ratio
(2020)
Female employment-to-population ratio
(2021)
Female labor force participation rates
(2021)
Female share of employment in senior and middle management
(2019)
Fertility rate: children per womanGapminder
(2022)
Fertility rate: children per womanUN
(2021)
Fertility rate: children per woman over the long-term
(2022)
Fertilizer application rates over the long-run
(2014)
Fertilizer consumption
(2019)
Fertilizer inputs per unit of agricultural land
(2019)
Fertilizer use per capita
(2019)
Fertilizer use per hectare of cropland
(2018)
Fish and seafood consumption per capita
(2019)
Fish and seafood production
(2019)
Fish discards
(2018)
Food aid received
(2016)
Foreign direct investment, net inflows as share of GDP
(2020)
Foreign direct investment, net outflows as share of GDP
(2020)
Forest area
(2020)
Forest area certified under an independently verified certification scheme
(2021)
Fossil fuel consumption
(2021)
Fossil fuel consumption per capita
(2021)
Fossil-fuel subsidies
(2020)
Fossil-fuel subsidies as a share of GDP
(2020)
Fossil-fuel subsidies per capita
(2020)
Free and fair electionsBTI
(2021)
Freedom of associationBTI
(2021)
Freedom of expressionBTI
(2021)
Freshwater withdrawals as a share of internal resources
(2017)
Fruit consumption per capita
(2019)
Functioning governmentEIU
(2022)
Future life expectancy projections
(2022)
GDP from tourism as a share of total GDP
(2020)
GDP in British pounds
(2014)
GDP per capitaPenn World Table
(2019)
GDP per capitaWorld Bank
(2020)
GDP per capitaMaddison Project Database 2020 (map)
(2018)
GDP per capitaMaddison (2020) - line chart
(2018)
GDP per capitaWorld Bank
(2020)
GDP per person employed
(2020)
GDP price levels relative to the US
(2020)
Gap to reach the target share of people receiving antiretroviral therapy
(2016)
Gas consumption
(2021)
Gas production
(2016)
Gender Inequality Index
(2021)
Gender equality in employment and economic benefits
(2020)
Gender gap in pre-primary education: Share of students in pre-primary education who are female
(2016)
Global Hunger Index
(2021)
Global meat demand if everyone ate like the average citizen of...
(2013)
Gold production
(2015)
Government expenditure on pre-primary education as share of GDP
(2014)
Government expenditure on primary education as share of GDP
(2014)
Government expenditure on primary education by country
(2013)
Government expenditure on secondary education as share of GDP
(2014)
Grape production
(2020)
Greenhouse gas emissions from food systems
(2015)
Gross domestic product (GDP)World Bank
(2020)
Gross enrollment ratio in pre-primary education
(2016)
Gross enrollment ratio in primary education
(2016)
Gross enrollment ratio in secondary education
(2016)
Gross enrollment ratio in tertiary education
(2013)
Gross enrollment ratio, primary, gender parity index (GPI)
(2016)
Gross enrollment ratio, secondary education, gender parity index (GPI)
(2016)
Gross official development assistance for medical research and basic heath sectors
(2015)
Gross overseas development assistance (ODA) from all donors for scholarships
(2020)
Groundnut yield
(2020)
Growth rate of real GDP per employed person
(2021)
HIV expenditure on prevention and treatment
(2014)
Has country already reached SDG target for access to sanitation?
(2020)
Has country already reached SDG target on child mortality?
(2020)
Has country already reached SDG target on clean cooking fuels?
(2020)
Has country already reached SDG target on electricity access?
(2020)
Has country already reached SDG target on improved water access?
(2020)
Has country already reached SDG target on maternal mortality?
(2017)
Has country already reached SDG target on neonatal mortality?
(2020)
Health spending as a share of total government expenditure
(2019)
Healthcare Access and Quality Index
(2015)
Hepatitis B incidence rate
(2019)
Hepatitis death rate
(2019)
Historical Index of Human Development
(2015)
Homicide rateUNODC
(2020)
Homicide rateIHME
(2019)
Homicide rateIHME, age-standardized
(2019)
Homicide rateWHO - GHE
(2019)
Homicide rate from firearmsUNODC
(2020)
Hospital beds per 1,000 people
(2016)
Human Development Index
(2021)
Humanitarian and food aid received
(2016)
Hydropower generation
(2021)
Imported deforestation
(2013)
Imported or exported CO₂ emissions per capita
(2020)
Imports of goods and services
(2020)
Incidence of HIV per 1,000 uninfected adults
(2020)
Incidence of malaria
(2019)
Incidence of venomous animal contact
(2019)
Income inequality in Latin America
(2016)
Income inequality: Gini coefficient
(2020)
Income share of the top 10%
(2020)
Industrial water as a share of total water withdrawals
(2017)
Industry employment
(2017)
Inequality in per capita calorie intake
(2020)
Infant mortality rateUN IGME
(2020)
Infant mortality rate
(2019)
Informal employment
(2021)
Insecticide use
(2019)
Intensity of multidimensional povertyHarmonized over time estimates
(2018)
International finance received for clean energy
(2019)
International tourist arrivals
(2019)
International tourist departures per 1000 people
(2017)
LLECE: Mean performance on the mathematics scale for 6th grade students
(2013)
Labor share of gross domestic product
(2019)
Land use for palm oil production
(2020)
Landline Internet subscriptions
(2020)
Landline Internet subscriptions per 100 people
(2020)
Landline phone subscriptions
(2020)
Landline phone subscriptions per 100 people
(2020)
Lettuce yields
(2020)
Liberal democracyRegimes of the World
(2021)
Life expectancy
(2021)
Life expectancyWorld Bank data
(2020)
Life expectancy
(2021)
Life expectancy at age 15
(2023)
Literacy rate in adult men
(2020)
Literacy rate in adult women
(2020)
Long-term wheat yields in Europe
(2014)
Low-carbon electricity generation per capita
(2021)
Low-carbon energy consumption
(2021)
Lung cancer death rates in males
(2020)
MDG4.A: Child mortality rate
(2020)
MDG5.A: Maternal mortality ratio
(2017)
Maize: Attainable crop yields
(2018)
Maize: Yield gap
(2018)
Malaria incidence
(2020)
Malaria mortality in children
(2019)
Male-to-female ratio of suicide rates
(2017)
Malnutrition: Number of children who are stunted
(2016)
Malnutrition: Number of children who are wasted
(2019)
Malnutrition: Number of children who are wasted
(2016)
Malnutrition: Share of children who are stunted
(2019)
Malnutrition: Share of children who are stunted
(2016)
Malnutrition: Share of children who are underweight
(2019)
Malnutrition: Share of children who are wasted
(2019)
Malnutrition: Share of children who are wasted
(2016)
Maternal mortality ratioWorld Bank
(2017)
Maternal mortality ratio
(2017)
Maternal mortality ratioWith SDG Target
(2017)
Maternal mortality ratioWHO GHO data
(2017)
Mean body mass index (BMI) in men
(2016)
Mean body mass index (BMI) in women
(2016)
Mean income or consumption per day
(2020)
Meat production
(2020)
Meat supply per person
(2019)
Median income or consumption per day
(2020)
Medical doctors per 1,000 people
(2017)
Meningitis death rate in children
(2019)
Mental disorders as a share of total disease burden
(2019)
Mental health disorders as a share of total disease burden
(2019)
Methane emissions
(2019)
Military expenditure
(2020)
Military expenditure as a share of GDPCorrelates of War
(2016)
Military expenditure as a share of GDPSIPRI
(2020)
Military expenditure per capita
(2020)
Military personnelCorrelates of War
(2016)
Military personnel as a share of total population
(2016)
Milk per animal
(2020)
Milk production
(2020)
Milk production
(2020)
Minimum daily requirement of calories
(2020)
Mobile phone subscriptions
(2020)
Mobile phone subscriptions per 100 people
(2020)
Mortality from non-communicable diseases
(2019)
Mortality rate attributable to unsafe water, sanitation, and hygiene
(2019)
Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)Harmonized over time estimates
(2018)
Municipal water as a share of total water withdrawals
(2017)
National GDP
(2019)
National average learning outcomes
(2015)
Natural gas consumption per capita
(2021)
Neonatal mortality rateUN IGME
(2020)
Neonatal mortality rateWith SDG Target
(2020)
Net electricity imports
(2021)
Net enrollment rate, pre-primary, both sexes
(2016)
Net enrollment rate, primary, gender parity index (GPI)
(2014)
Net enrollment rate, secondary, gender parity index (GPI)
(2013)
Net official development assistance and official aid received
(2019)
Net official development assistance to medical research and basic health sectors
(2020)
New HIV infections averted from prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT)
(2016)
New tetanus infection rate
(2019)
Nitrogen fertilizer use per hectare of cropland
(2019)
Nitrogen inputs per hectare of cropland
(2014)
Nitrous oxide emissions
(2019)
Nitrous oxide emissions per capita
(2019)
Nuclear power generation
(2021)
Number of HIV deaths averted from antiretroviral therapy (ART)
(2016)
Number of air travel trips per capita
(2019)
Number of cattle
(2020)
Number of child deaths
(2020)
Number of child deaths from malaria
(2019)
Number of children per who died before they were five years old per woman
(2016)
Number of deaths from HIV/AIDS
(2019)
Number of deaths from HIV/AIDS
(2020)
Number of deaths from malaria
(2019)
Number of deaths from malaria
(2020)
Number of deaths from malaria
(2019)
Number of deaths from pneumonia in children under 5
(2019)
Number of deaths from tetanus
(2019)
Number of deaths from tuberculosis
(2019)
Number of deaths from volcanic eruptions
(2017)
Number of homicidesIHME
(2019)
Number of homicidesWHO-GHE
(2019)
Number of homicidesUNODC
(2020)
Number of hospital beds
(2013)
Number of income/consumption surveys in the past decade available via the World Bank
(2021)
Number of infant deaths
(2020)
Number of local governments that adopt disaster risk reduction strategies
(2019)
Number of maternal deaths
(2017)
Number of maternal deaths
(2016)
Number of neonatal deaths
(2019)
Number of new HIV infections
(2020)
Number of new HIV infections
(2021)
Number of new HIV infections per 1,000 uninfected population
(2020)
Number of new cases of HIV
(2019)
Number of non-fatal injuries from terrorist attacks
(2019)
Number of one-year-olds are not vaccinated against measles
(2021)
Number of one-year-olds who are not vaccinated against Haemophilus influenzae type B
(2021)
Number of one-year-olds who are not vaccinated against Streptococcus pneumoniae
(2021)
Number of one-year-olds who are not vaccinated against diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus
(2021)
Number of one-year-olds who are not vaccinated against hepatitis B
(2021)
Number of one-year-olds who are not vaccinated against polio
(2021)
Number of one-year-olds who are not vaccinated against rotavirus
(2021)
Number of one-year-olds who are not vaccinated against rubella
(2021)
Number of one-year-olds who are not vaccinated against tuberculosis
(2021)
Number of one-year-olds who are not vaccinated against yellow fever
(2021)
Number of one-year-olds who have not received the inactivated polio vaccine
(2021)
Number of patents filed in sustainable energy
(2020)
Number of people employed in agriculture
(2019)
Number of people in rural areas without access to improved sanitation facilities
(2015)
Number of people living in extreme poverty
(2020)
Number of people living with HIV
(2019)
Number of people requiring interventions against neglected tropical diseases (NTDs)
(2020)
Number of people requiring interventions for neglected tropical diseases
(2020)
Number of people that cannot afford a calorie sufficient diet
(2017)
Number of people that cannot afford a healthy diet
(2020)
Number of people that cannot afford a nutrient adequate diet
(2017)
Number of people using at least basic sanitation facilities
(2015)
Number of people using the Internet
(2020)
Number of people who are moderately or severely food insecure
(2019)
Number of people who are severely food insecure
(2019)
Number of people who are undernourished
(2019)
Number of people with access to at least basic drinking water
(2015)
Number of people with access to electricity
(2019)
Number of people with alcohol or drug use disorders
(2019)
Number of people with an eating disorder
(2019)
Number of people with anxiety disorders
(2019)
Number of people with bipolar disorder
(2019)
Number of people with cancer
(2017)
Number of people with depression
(2019)
Number of people with drug use disorders
(2019)
Number of people with mental health disorders
(2019)
Number of people with schizophrenia
(2019)
Number of people without access to an improved water source
(2020)
Number of people without access to clean fuels for cooking
(2016)
Number of people without access to electricity
(2019)
Number of people without access to improved sanitation
(2020)
Number of people without access to safe drinking water
(2020)
Number of pigs
(2020)
Number of poultry birds
(2020)
Number of premature deaths from lead exposure
(2019)
Number of refugees per 100,000 population
(2021)
Number of researchers per million people
(2014)
Number of suicide deaths from firearms
(2019)
Number of suicides
(2019)
Number of terrorist attacks
(2020)
Number of under-five deaths
(2020)
Number of unique plant genetic samples in conservation facilities
(2020)
Number with an alcohol use disorder
(2019)
Nurses and midwives per 1,000 people
(2018)
Ocean science as a share of total research and development funding
(2014)
Official entrance age to compulsory education
(2016)
Official entrance age to pre-primary education
(2016)
Oil consumption
(2021)
Oil consumption per capita
(2021)
Oil palm fruit yields
(2020)
Oil palm production
(2019)
Oil production
(2021)
Oil production per capita
(2021)
Oil reserves
(2020)
Old-age dependency ratio
(2021)
Openness of executive recruitmentPolity
(2018)
Orange production
(2020)
Orange yields
(2020)
Out-of-pocket expenditure per capita on healthcare
(2019)
Outdoor air pollution death rate
(2019)
Ozone (O₃) concentration
(2015)
Patents filed for carbon capture and storage technologies
(2017)
Pea production
(2020)
Pea yields
(2020)
People displaced internally by natural disasters
(2020)
Per capita CO2 emissions from cement
(2021)
Per capita CO2 emissions from coal
(2021)
Per capita CO2 emissions from flaring
(2021)
Per capita CO2 emissions from gas
(2021)
Per capita CO2 emissions from oil
(2021)
Per capita CO₂ emissions
(2021)
Per capita CO₂ emissions from aviation
(2018)
Per capita CO₂ emissions from aviation, tourism-adjusted
(2018)
Per capita CO₂ emissions from domestic aviation
(2018)
Per capita CO₂ emissions from international aviation
(2018)
Per capita CO₂ emissions from international flights, tourism-adjusted
(2018)
Per capita CO₂ emissions from transport
(2019)
Per capita CO₂ emissions including land-use change
(2021)
Per capita consumption of low-carbon energy
(2021)
Per capita consumption-based CO₂ emissions
(2020)
Per capita domestic aviation passenger kilometers
(2018)
Per capita egg consumption
(2019)
Per capita electricity generation
(2021)
Per capita electricity generation from fossil fuels
(2021)
Per capita electricity generation from gas
(2021)
Per capita electricity generation from hydropower
(2021)
Per capita electricity generation from nuclear
(2021)
Per capita electricity generation from oil
(2021)
Per capita electricity generation from renewables
(2021)
Per capita electricity generation from solar
(2021)
Per capita electricity generation from wind
(2021)
Per capita energy consumption from coal
(2021)
Per capita energy consumption from coal
(2021)
Per capita energy consumption from hydropower
(2021)
Per capita energy consumption from nuclear
(2020)
Per capita energy consumption from renewables
(2021)
Per capita energy consumption from solar
(2021)
Per capita energy consumption from wind
(2021)
Per capita gas consumption
(2021)
Per capita generation of coal electricity
(2021)
Per capita greenhouse gas emissions
(2019)
Per capita greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land use and forestry
(2019)
Per capita international aviation passenger kilometers
(2018)
Per capita methane emissions
(2019)
Per capita milk consumption
(2019)
Per capita oil consumption
(2021)
Per capita passenger kilometers from air travel
(2018)
Percentage of firms with a top female manager
(2017)
Pesticide use
(2019)
Pesticide use per hectare of cropland
(2019)
Pharmaceutical personnel per 10,000 population
(2015)
Phosphate fertilizer use per hectare of cropland
(2019)
Physical integrity rightsFariss et al.
(2019)
Pig meat per animal
(2020)
Pigmeat production
(2020)
Policies to facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration
(2021)
Political and social integrationBTI
(2021)
Political libertiesLexical Index
(2021)
Political oppositionLexical Index
(2021)
Political participationBTI
(2021)
Political regimeRegimes of the World
(2021)
Political regimeBoix et al.
(2020)
Political regimeRegimes of the World, including ambiguous regimes
(2021)
Political regimeBoix et al., including women's right to vote
(2020)
Political regimeFreedom House, free countries
(2021)
Political regimeFreedom House, electoral democracies
(2021)
Political regimeLexical Index
(2021)
Political regimePolity
(2018)
Political regimeBTI
(2021)
Political regimeEIU
(2022)
Political regimeEpisodes of Regime Transformation
(2021)
Political rightsFreedom House, score
(2021)
Political rightsFreedom House, rating
(2021)
PolyarchyLexical Index
(2021)
Populationsince 10,000 BC
(2021)
Population density
(2022)
Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million
(2021)
Population under five years old
(2021)
Potash fertilizer use per hectare of cropland
(2019)
Potato production
(2020)
Potato yields
(2020)
Poultry meat per animal
(2020)
Poultry production
(2020)
Poverty gap index at $2.15 per day
(2020)
Poverty: Share of population living on less than $1 a day
(2020)
Poverty: Share of population living on less than $10 a day
(2020)
Poverty: Share of population living on less than $3.65 a day
(2020)
Poverty: Share of population living on less than $30 a day
(2020)
Poverty: Share of population living on less than $40 a day
(2020)
Poverty: Share of population living on less than $6.85 a day
(2020)
Power outages in firms in a typical month
(2017)
Press freedomFreedom House
(2016)
Prevalence of anemia in children
(2019)
Prevalence of anemia in pregnant women
(2019)
Prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age
(2019)
Prevalence of autistic spectrum disorder
(2019)
Prevalence of daily smoking in populations
(2016)
Primary completion rate
(2020)
Primary completion rate, gender parity index (GPI)
(2014)
Primary energy consumption
(2021)
Primary energy consumption by world region
(2021)
Primary energy consumption from hydropower
(2021)
Primary energy consumption from nuclear
(2020)
Primary energy consumption from renewables
(2021)
Primary energy consumption from solar
(2021)
Primary energy consumption from wind
(2021)
Private health expenditure per person
(2019)
Productivity: output per hour worked
(2019)
Projected female population without education
(2020)
Projected share of the population in extreme poverty
(2022)
Projections of the share of adults educated to degree level
(2020)
Proportion of forest area with a long-term management plan
(2020)
Proportion of forest area within legally established protected areas
(2020)
Proportion of important sites for freshwater biodiversity that are covered by protected areas
(2021)
Proportion of labor force who are women
(2021)
Proportion of local livestock breeds classified as being at risk of extinction
(2022)
Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments
(2021)
Proportion of tariff lines applied to imports from least developed countries with zero-tariff
(2020)
Proportion of total manufacturing value added from medium and high-tech industry
(2019)
Proportion of women in senior and middle management positions
(2021)
Proportion of youth not in education, employment or training
(2019)
Public expenditure on healthcare as percent of total healthcare expenditure
(2019)
Public spending on education as a share of GDP
(2020)
Pupil-teacher ratio for primary education
(2016)
Pupil-teacher ratio in pre-primary education
(2016)
Pupil-teacher ratio in pre-primary education
(2016)
Rank in the Economic Complexity Index
(2016)
Rate of deaths and missing persons due to natural disasters
(2020)
Rate of disease burden from alcohol and drug use disorders
(2019)
Rate of disease burden from anxiety disorders
(2019)
Rate of disease burden from attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(2019)
Rate of disease burden from autism spectrum disorders
(2019)
Rate of disease burden from bipolar disorder
(2019)
Rate of disease burden from depression
(2019)
Rate of disease burden from drug use disorders
(2019)
Rate of disease burden from eating disorders
(2019)
Rate of disease burden from lead exposure
(2019)
Rate of disease burden from schizophrenia
(2019)
Rate of natural population increaseUN
(2021)
Ratio of female to male labor force participation rates
(2021)
Ratio of inbound to outbound tourists
(2018)
Real GDP growthIMF
(2022)
Real GDP per capitaPenn World Table
(2019)
Red List Index
(2022)
Refugee population by country or territory of asylum
(2020)
Refugee population by country or territory of origin
(2020)
Regulation of political participationPolity
(2018)
Relative poverty: Share of people below 40% of the median
(2020)
Relative poverty: Share of people below 50% of the median
(2020)
Relative poverty: Share of people below 60% of the median
(2020)
Renewable electricity-generating capacity
(2020)
Renewable freshwater resources per capita
(2018)
Reported cases of guinea worm disease
(2021)
Reported cases of measles
(2021)
Reported cases of paralytic polio
(2021)
Reported number of deaths from malariaWHO GHO data
(2017)
Reported paralytic polio cases per million
(2021)
Research spending as a share of GDP
(2014)
Rice production
(2020)
Rice yields
(2020)
Road traffic deaths
(2019)
Rule of lawBTI
(2021)
Rye production
(2020)
School life expectancy at the pre-primary education level
(2014)
School life expectancy, primary, gender parity index (GPI)
(2014)
Scientific and technical journal articles
(2018)
Score of adoption and implementation of national strategies for managing disaster risk
(2019)
Self-reported life satisfaction
(2020)
Separation of powersBTI
(2021)
Sesame seed production
(2020)
Sex ratio at birth
(2021)
Sex ratio at birthChao et al. (2019)
(2017)
Sex ratio of five-year-olds
(2021)
Share enrolled in private institutions at the pre-primary education level
(2016)
Share enrolled in private institutions at the primary education level
(2016)
Share enrolled in private institutions at the tertiary education level
(2013)
Share of GNI from poverty reduction grants
(2020)
Share of adolescent girls vaccinated against the human papillomavirus
(2020)
Share of adult citizens who have the right to vote
(2021)
Share of adults that are obese
(2016)
Share of adults that are overweight or obese
(2016)
Share of adults with account at a financial institution
(2017)
Share of agricultural land which is irrigated
(2018)
Share of annual global forest expansion
(2015)
Share of births attended by skilled health staff
(2018)
Share of cereals allocated to animal feed
(2017)
Share of cereals allocated to human food
(2017)
Share of cereals allocated to industrial uses
(2017)
Share of children aged 5-17 years engaged in labor
(2019)
Share of children and adolescents that are overweight or obese
(2016)
Share of children in employment
(2015)
Share of children of primary school age that are not in school
(2020)
Share of children that are overweight or obese
(2020)
Share of children who are overweight
(2019)
Share of children who receive key vaccines in target populations
(2016)
Share of cumulative CO₂ emissions from oil
(2021)
Share of deaths attributed to air pollution
(2019)
Share of deaths attributed to obesity
(2019)
Share of deaths attributed to outdoor air pollution
(2019)
Share of deaths attributed to unsafe sanitation
(2019)
Share of deaths attributed to unsafe water sources
(2019)
Share of deaths from heart disease
(2019)
Share of deaths from homicide
(2019)
Share of deaths from indoor air pollution
(2019)
Share of deaths from suicide
(2019)
Share of electricity from low-carbon sources
(2021)
Share of electricity production from coal
(2021)
Share of electricity production from fossil fuels
(2021)
Share of electricity production from gas
(2021)
Share of electricity production from hydropower
(2021)
Share of electricity production from nuclear
(2021)
Share of electricity production from oil
(2021)
Share of electricity production from renewable sources
(2014)
Share of electricity production from renewables
(2021)
Share of electricity production from solar
(2021)
Share of electricity production from wind
(2021)
Share of food products in total merchandise exports
(2020)
Share of girls among all primary education students
(2018)
Share of global CO₂ emissions from aviation
(2018)
Share of global CO₂ emissions from cement
(2021)
Share of global CO₂ emissions from coal
(2021)
Share of global CO₂ emissions from flaring
(2021)
Share of global CO₂ emissions from gas
(2021)
Share of global CO₂ emissions from international aviation
(2018)
Share of global CO₂ emissions from land-use change
(2021)
Share of global CO₂ emissions from oil
(2021)
Share of global CO₂ emissions including land-use change
(2021)
Share of global annual deforestation
(2015)
Share of global cumulative CO₂ emissions
(2021)
Share of global cumulative CO₂ emissions from cement
(2021)
Share of global cumulative CO₂ emissions from coal
(2021)
Share of global cumulative CO₂ emissions from flaring
(2021)
Share of global cumulative CO₂ emissions from gas
(2021)
Share of global cumulative CO₂ emissions from land-use change
(2021)
Share of global cumulative CO₂ emissions including land-use change
(2021)
Share of global domestic aviation passenger kilometers
(2018)
Share of global forest area
(2020)
Share of global mismanaged plastic waste
(2019)
Share of global passenger kilometers from air travel
(2018)
Share of global passenger kilometers from international aviation
(2018)
Share of global plastic waste emitted to the ocean
(2019)
Share of global population living in extreme poverty
(2020)
Share of health facilities with essential medicines
(2016)
Share of important terrestrial biodiversity sites that are protected
(2021)
Share of infants vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis
(2021)
Share of land area used for agriculture
(2018)
Share of land area used for arable agriculture
(2018)
Share of land covered by forest
(2020)
Share of land used for permanent meadows and pastures
(2019)
Share of local governments that adopt and implement local disaster risk reduction strategies in line with national strategies
(2019)
Share of manufactures in total merchandise exports
(2020)
Share of marine territorial waters that are protected
(2021)
Share of men that are obese
(2016)
Share of men that are overweight or obese
(2016)
Share of men with raised blood pressure
(2015)
Share of one-year-olds vaccinated against Haemophilus influenzae type B
(2021)
Share of one-year-olds vaccinated against diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus
(2021)
Share of one-year-olds vaccinated against hepatitis B
(2021)
Share of one-year-olds vaccinated against measles
(2021)
Share of one-year-olds vaccinated against rotavirus
(2021)
Share of one-year-olds vaccinated against rubella
(2021)
Share of one-year-olds vaccinated against tuberculosis
(2021)
Share of one-year-olds who are vaccinated against polio
(2021)
Share of one-year-olds who received the inactivated polio vaccine
(2021)
Share of out-of-pocket expenditure on healthcare
(2019)
Share of people agreeing with the statement "most people can be trusted"
(2014)
Share of people living in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million
(2021)
Share of people living in urban areasUN
(2020)
Share of people practicing open defecation
(2020)
Share of people who say they are happy
(2014)
Share of people with HIV who receive antiretroviral therapy
(2020)
Share of population covered by social insurance programs
(2019)
Share of population in multidimensional povertyHarmonized over time estimates
(2018)
Share of population living in extreme poverty
(2020)
Share of population living in poverty by national poverty lines
(2020)
Share of population that cannot afford a calorie sufficient diet
(2017)
Share of population that cannot afford a healthy diet
(2020)
Share of population that cannot afford a nutrient adequate diet
(2017)
Share of population using at least basic drinking water source
(2015)
Share of population using at least basic sanitation facilities
(2015)
Share of population using safely managed sanitation facilities
(2020)
Share of population with Asperger syndrome and other autistic spectrum disorders
(2016)
Share of population with access to basic handwashing facilities
(2020)
Share of population with alcohol use disorders
(2016)
Share of population with an alcohol use disorder
(2019)
Share of population with an eating disorder
(2019)
Share of population with anxiety disorders
(2019)
Share of population with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(2019)
Share of population with bipolar disorder
(2019)
Share of population with cancer
(2017)
Share of population with developmental intellectual disability
(2019)
Share of population with drug use disorders
(2019)
Share of population with large household expenditures on health
(2013)
Share of population with mental health disorders
(2019)
Share of population with mental health or development disorder
(2019)
Share of population with schizophrenia
(2019)
Share of pregnant women with HIV that receive antiretroviral therapy
(2020)
Share of primary energy from coal
(2021)
Share of primary energy from fossil fuels
(2021)
Share of primary energy from gas
(2021)
Share of primary energy from hydroelectric power
(2021)
Share of primary energy from low-carbon sources
(2021)
Share of primary energy from nuclear
(2020)
Share of primary energy from oil
(2021)
Share of primary energy from renewable sources
(2021)
Share of primary energy from solar
(2021)
Share of primary energy from wind
(2021)
Share of primary school teachers who are female
(2016)
Share of primary-school-age children who are out of school
(2020)
Share of rural population living in poverty at national poverty lines
(2014)
Share of secondary school teachers who are female
(2016)
Share of services in total exports
(2020)
Share of small-scale industries with a loan or line of credit
(2017)
Share of students achieving advanced learning outcomes
(2015)
Share of students achieving intermediate learning outcomes
(2015)
Share of students achieving minimum learning outcomes
(2015)
Share of teachers in lower secondary education who are trained
(2016)
Share of teachers in pre-primary education who are trained
(2016)
Share of teachers in primary education who are trained
(2016)
Share of teachers in secondary education who are trained
(2016)
Share of teachers in tertiary education who are female
(2014)
Share of teachers in upper secondary education who are trained
(2016)
Share of the global greenhouse gas emissions from food
(2015)
Share of the labor force employed in agriculture
(2019)
Share of the population exposed to air pollution levels above WHO guidelines
(2017)
Share of the population infected with HIV
(2020)
Share of the population infected with HIV
(2019)
Share of the population living in urban areas
(2022)
Share of the population that is female
(2020)
Share of the population that is undernourished
(2019)
Share of the population that were born in another country
(2015)
Share of the population using at least basic sanitation services
(2020)
Share of the population using at least basic water services
(2020)
Share of the population using safely managed drinking water
(2020)
Share of the population using the Internet
(2020)
Share of the population with a completed post-secondary education
(2015)
Share of the population with access to clean fuels for cooking
(2020)
Share of the population with alcohol or drug use disorders
(2019)
Share of the population with alcohol use disorders
(2019)
Share of the population with at least some secondary education
(2015)
Share of the population with autism
(2019)
Share of the population with depression
(2019)
Share of the population with down syndrome
(2019)
Share of the population with malaria
(2019)
Share of the population with no formal education, projections by IIASA
(2020)
Share of the population without access to an improved water source
(2020)
Share of the population without access to improved sanitation
(2020)
Share of the rural population using at least basic sanitation services
(2020)
Share of the rural population using at least basic water services
(2020)
Share of the urban population who live in the largest city
(2021)
Share of total greenhouse gas emissions that come from food
(2015)
Share of urban population living in poverty at national poverty lines
(2014)
Share of urban population living in slums
(2018)
Share of urban population using at least basic sanitation services
(2020)
Share of urban population using at least basic water services
(2020)
Share of women aged 20 to 24 years who were married by age 15
(2018)
Share of women holding parliamentary seats
(2017)
Share of women in ministerial positions
(2020)
Share of women that are expected to die from pregnancy-related causes
(2017)
Share of women that are obese
(2016)
Share of women that are overweight or obese
(2016)
Share of women who were married by age 18
(2018)
Share of women with raised blood pressure
(2015)
Share of working children who do not attend school
(2015)
Share of youth not in education, employment or training
(2019)
Share that strongly agree that vaccines are effective
(2019)
Share that strongly agree that vaccines are important
(2019)
Share that strongly agree that vaccines are safe
(2019)
Share that strongly disagree that vaccines are effective
(2019)
Share that strongly disagree that vaccines are important
(2019)
Share that strongly disagree that vaccines are safe
(2019)
Share who use tobacco
(2020)
Shared of graduates from science and technology programs in tertiary education that are female
(2013)
Small-scale industries as a share of total industry value added
(2018)
Solar power generation
(2021)
Soybean production
(2020)
Soybean yields
(2020)
Specialist surgical workforce rate
(2014)
Spirits consumption per person
(2019)
Stability of democratic institutionsBTI
(2021)
Staff compensation as share of total expenditure in primary public education
(2015)
StatenessBTI
(2021)
Statistical capacity indicator
(2017)
Sugar beet production
(2020)
Sugar beet yields
(2020)
Sugar cane production
(2020)
Sugar cane yields
(2020)
Suicide rateWorld Bank
(2019)
Suicide rate by firearm
(2019)
Sunflower seed production
(2020)
Surface temperature anomaly
(2017)
Sweet potato production
(2020)
Tariff rate across all products
(2020)
Tax revenue as share of GDP
(2017)
Taxes on goods and services
(2019)
Taxes on incomes of individuals and corporations
(2019)
Tea production
(2020)
Tea yields
(2020)
Terrorism as a share of total deaths
(2017)
Tetanus death rate
(2019)
The disease burden from alcohol use disorders
(2019)
The percentage of neonates protected at birth against neonatal tetanus
(2020)
The poverty gap
(2020)
Threatened bird species
(2018)
Threatened mammal species
(2018)
Time required to start a business
(2019)
Tobacco production
(2020)
Tomato production
(2020)
Tomato yields
(2020)
Total assistance for development received
(2020)
Total disease burden
(2019)
Total disease burden
(2019)
Total domestic aviation passenger kilometers
(2018)
Total donations received for biodiversity conservation
(2020)
Total factor productivity
(2019)
Total financial assistance and flows for agriculture, by recipient
(2020)
Total greenhouse gas emissions
(2019)
Total greenhouse gas emissions, excluding land use and forestry
(2019)
Total health expenditure per person
(2019)
Total healthcare expenditure as a share of GDP
(2019)
Total natural resource rents
(2019)
Total net enrollment rate in primary education
(2014)
Total net enrollment rate, primary, gender parity index (GPI)
(2014)
Total nitrogen inputs to crops
(2014)
Total number of fatal shark attacks
(2018)
Total number of international immigrants
(2015)
Total official financial flows for water supply and sanitation, by recipient
(2020)
Total official flows commitments for aid for trade, by recipient
(2020)
Total official flows for infrastructure, by recipient
(2020)
Total passenger kilometers from air travel
(2018)
Total passenger kilometers from international aviation
(2018)
Total recorded deaths and disappearances during migration
(2021)
Total tax revenues
(2019)
Total wealth per capita
(2014)
Total wealth per capita
(2014)
Trade as share of GDP
(2020)
Trade in services (exports plus imports) as share of GDP
(2020)
Trade openness
(2019)
Tuberculosis incidence
(2020)
Tuberculosis patients living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy
(2016)
Tuberculosis patients tested positive for HIV
(2016)
Unemployment rate
(2021)
Unemployment rate, women
(2017)
Universal Health Coverage Index
(2019)
Universal right to vote for menLexical Index
(2021)
Universal right to vote for womenLexical Index
(2021)
Unsentenced detainees as a proportion of overall prison population
(2020)
Urban population living in slums
(2018)
Urbanization over the past 500 yearsHistorical sources & UN
(2016)
Value of agricultural production
(2020)
Value of exported goods as share of GDP
(2014)
Value of exported of goods and services
(2020)
Value of exports as a share of GDP
(2014)
Value of imported goods as a share of GDP
(2014)
Vegetable consumption per capita
(2019)
Voter turnout
(2021)
Water productivity, GDP per cubic meter of freshwater withdrawal
(2017)
What share of the population living with HIV are women?
(2020)
Wheat production
(2020)
Wheat yield
(2020)
Who is contributing to deforestation abroad?
(2013)
Wind power generation
(2021)
Wine consumption per person
(2019)
Women in informal employment as share of female employment
(2021)
Women who experienced violence by an intimate partner
(2017)
Women who make their own informed decisions regarding sexual relations, contraceptive use and reproductive health care
(2018)
Women's life expectancy at birth
(2021)
Year-on-year change in CO₂ emissions
(2021)
Youth dependency ratio
(2021)
Youth literacy rate, female
(2016)
Youth literacy rate, male
(2016)
Youth mortality rate
(2020)