Our World
in Data
Data

Annual greenhouse gas emissions

See all data and research on:
CO2 & Greenhouse Gas Emissions

About this data

Annual greenhouse gas emissions
are measured in tonnes of over a 100-year timescale.
Source
Jones et al. (2024) – with major processing by Our World in Data
Last updated
April 8, 2024
Next expected update
April 2025
Date range
1850–2022
Unit
tonnes of CO₂ equivalents

Related research and writing

Thumbnail

Greenhouse gas emissions

Hannah Ritchie, Pablo Rosado and Max Roser
Sustainable development goal 13: Climate Action

Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts

Our World in Data team

Explore charts that include this data

Annual greenhouse gas emissions by world region

Sources and processing

This data is based on the following sources

National contributions to climate change due to historical emissions of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide.

This dataset describes the global warming response to national emissions CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O from fossil and land use sources since 1851.

National CO₂ emissions data are collated from the Global Carbon Project (Andrew and Peters, 2023; Friedlingstein et al., 2023).

National CH₄ and N₂O emissions data are collated from PRIMAP-hist (HISTTP) (Gütschow et al., 2023).

A time series of cumulative CO₂-equivalent emissions is constructed for each country, gas, and emissions source (fossil or land use). Emissions of CH₄ and N₂O emissions are related to cumulative CO₂-equivalent emissions using the Global Warming Potential (GWP*) approach, with best-estimates of the coefficients taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021).

Warming in response to cumulative CO₂-equivalent emissions is estimated using the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) approach, with best-estimate value of TCRE taken from the IPCC AR6 (Forster et al., 2021, Canadell et al., 2021). 'Warming' is specifically the change in global mean surface temperature (GMST).

The data files provide emissions, cumulative emissions and the GMST response by country, gas (CO₂, CH₄, N₂O or 3-GHG total) and source (fossil emissions, land use emissions or the total).

Retrieved on
April 8, 2024
Retrieved from
https://zenodo.org/records/7636699/latest
Citation
This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data. To cite data downloaded from this page, please use the suggested citation given in Reuse This Work below.
Jones, Matthew W., Glen P. Peters, Thomas Gasser, Robbie M. Andrew, Clemens Schwingshackl, Johannes Gütschow, Richard A. Houghton, Pierre Friedlingstein, Julia Pongratz, and Corinne Le Quéré. “National Contributions to Climate Change Due to Historical Emissions of Carbon Dioxide, Methane and Nitrous Oxide”. Scientific Data. Zenodo, March 19, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10839859.

How we process data at Our World in Data

All data and visualizations on Our World in Data rely on data sourced from one or several original data providers. Preparing this original data involves several processing steps. Depending on the data, this can include standardizing country names and world region definitions, converting units, calculating derived indicators such as per capita measures, as well as adding or adapting metadata such as the name or the description given to an indicator.

At the link below you can find a detailed description of the structure of our data pipeline, including links to all the code used to prepare data across Our World in Data.

Read about our data pipeline
Notes on our processing step for this indicator

Emissions given in tonnes have been converted to carbon-dioxide equivalents over a 100-year timescale using a conversion factor of 273 for nitrous oxide, 29.8 for methane from fossil sources, and 27.2 for methane from agricultural and land use sources. These factors are taken from the 6th Assessment Report (AR6) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

Reuse this work

  • All data produced by third-party providers and made available by Our World in Data are subject to the license terms from the original providers. Our work would not be possible without the data providers we rely on, so we ask you to always cite them appropriately (see below). This is crucial to allow data providers to continue doing their work, enhancing, maintaining and updating valuable data.
  • All data, visualizations, and code produced by Our World in Data are completely open access under the Creative Commons BY license. You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited.

Citations

How to cite this page

To cite this page overall, including any descriptions, FAQs or explanations of the data authored by Our World in Data, please use the following citation:

“Data Page: Annual greenhouse gas emissions”, part of the following publication: Hannah Ritchie, Pablo Rosado and Max Roser (2023) - “CO₂ and Greenhouse Gas Emissions”. Data adapted from Jones et al.. Retrieved from https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/total-ghg-emissions [online resource]
How to cite this data

In-line citationIf you have limited space (e.g. in data visualizations), you can use this abbreviated in-line citation:

Jones et al. (2024) – with major processing by Our World in Data

Full citation

Jones et al. (2024) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Annual greenhouse gas emissions” [dataset]. Jones et al., “National contributions to climate change 2024.1” [original data]. Retrieved November 13, 2024 from https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/total-ghg-emissions