Historical national accounts estimates of the share of people living below
$5 a day, 1820 to 2017

Average incomes measured in national accounts are often much higher than those observed in survey data. As such thepoverty rates shown are lower than corresponding estimates based on survey data – this includes the official estimatesproduced by the World Bank used to monitor progress against SDG1. See Roser and Hasell (2021) for further discussion.