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Foreign aid given as a share of national income

Official estimate
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Foreign Aid

What you should know about this indicator

  • Official development assistance (ODA) eligibility criteria are based on (i) country eligibility, (ii) concessionality, and (iii) the promotion of the economic development and welfare of developing countries as the main objective. This means that (i) only countries and territories included in the list of ODA recipients are eligible to receive this assistance, (ii) lending is defined by minimum requirements according to the income category of the recipient country, and (iii) reporting rules have been implemented to define what is "primarily developmental". For more details about ODA, please refer to the official OECD documentation.
  • This indicator is divided by the gross national income (GNI) of the country. The GNI measures the total income earned by residents of a country, including income earned abroad.
  • A long-standing United Nations target is that developed countries should devote 0.7% of their GNI to ODA.
  • Disbursements refer to money actually given/received, which can differ from what was originally pledged. These are also net disbursements: grants and loans are valued in the same way by recording the flows of cash that were granted, or the face value of loans that were lent to developing countries, deducting any loan repayments. The method does not reflect actual efforts by donor countries, given that grants and loans themselves represent different efforts from donors. From 2018, headline figures from the OECD are based on the , which is a more accurate reflection of the effort made by donor countries.
  • "" is a methodology to estimate the value of loans compared to a grant. It is an estimate, at today’s value of money, of how much is being given away over the life of a financial transaction, compared with a transaction at market terms.
  • Official estimates of ODA combine net disbursements in data until 2017 with grant equivalents from 2018 onwards.
  • Official development assistance does not include military aid, except for the cost of using armed forces to deliver humanitarian aid. It also excludes most peacekeeping expenditures, except for those closely related to development. Nuclear energy is included only if it is for civilian purposes, and cultural programs are eligible only if they build the cultural capacities of recipient countries.
  • The OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) maintains a list of territories where ODA can be provided. The countries and territories on the DAC list of ODA recipients consist of all low and middle income countries based on gross national income (GNI) per capita as published by the World Bank, with the exception of former G8 members, EU members, and countries with a firm date for entry into the EU. The list also includes all of the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) as defined by the United Nations. The list is updated every three years and is available in the OECD website.

From OECD's indicator explainer

Official development assistance (ODA) is defined as government aid designed to promote the economic development and welfare of developing countries. Loans and credits for military purposes are excluded. Aid may be provided bilaterally, from donor to recipient, or channelled through a multilateral development agency such as the United Nations or the World Bank. Aid includes grants, "soft" loans and the provision of technical assistance. The OECD maintains a list of developing countries and territories; only aid to these countries counts as ODA. The list is periodically updated and currently contains over 150 countries or territories (see DAC List of ODA Recipients: https://oe.cd/dac-list). A long-standing United Nations target is that developed countries should devote 0.7% of their gross national income to ODA. Prior to 2018, the ODA flows basis methodology covered loans expressed on a “cash basis”, meaning their full face value was included, then repayments were subtracted as they came in. From 2018, the ODA grant-equivalent methodology is used whereby only the “grant portion” of the loan, i.e. the amount “given” by lending below market rates, counts as ODA.

Foreign aid given as a share of national income
Official estimate
Official development assistance (ODA) divided by gross national income, expressed as a percentage. This is the official estimate that combines net disbursements with grant equivalents from 2018.
Source
OECD (2024) – with minor processing by Our World in Data
Last updated
August 21, 2024
Next expected update
August 2025
Date range
1960–2023
Unit
% of GNI

Sources and processing

This data is based on the following sources

This database provides aggregates on official development assistance (ODA), other official flows (OOF) and flows from non-governmental organisations (NGOs) or philanthropic foundations. These statistics are shown by provider over time.

Retrieved on
August 21, 2024
Retrieved from
https://www.oecd.org/en/topics/policy-issues/official-development-assistance-oda.html
Citation
This is the citation of the original data obtained from the source, prior to any processing or adaptation by Our World in Data. To cite data downloaded from this page, please use the suggested citation given in Reuse This Work below.
OECD (2024). OECD Official Development Assistance (ODA) - DAC1: Flows by donor (ODA+OOF+Private). OECD Data Explorer.

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Citations

How to cite this page

To cite this page overall, including any descriptions, FAQs or explanations of the data authored by Our World in Data, please use the following citation:

“Data Page: Foreign aid given as a share of national income”, part of the following publication: Bastian Herre and Pablo Arriagada (2024) - “Foreign Aid”. Data adapted from OECD. Retrieved from https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/foreign-aid-given-as-a-share-of-national-income-net [online resource]
How to cite this data

In-line citationIf you have limited space (e.g. in data visualizations), you can use this abbreviated in-line citation:

OECD (2024) – with minor processing by Our World in Data

Full citation

OECD (2024) – with minor processing by Our World in Data. “Foreign aid given as a share of national income – Official estimate” [dataset]. OECD, “OECD Official Development Assistance (ODA) - DAC1: Flows by donor (ODA+OOF+Private)” [original data]. Retrieved November 21, 2024 from https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/foreign-aid-given-as-a-share-of-national-income-net