Estimates of British wheat yield, 1200-1800 – Amthor (1998)1
Year(s) Yield (g per square meter) Notes and source
1209-1349 39-76 Range of individual-manor averages in the bishopric of Winchester (Titow, 1972, p. 148)
1200-1450 54-57 British average `guess' by Bennett (1935 )based on analysis of William Beveridge's summary
1243-48 28 Combe, Oxfordshire (Curtler, 1909, p. 33)
1250 33-55 Estimates by Walter of Henley as cited by Curtler (1909), p. 33
1271-99 55 Seven manors in Essex and Hertfordshire (Farmer, 1983)
1290-1306 55 Manor of Forncett, from Davenport's A Norfolk Manor as cited by Curtler (1909), p. 33
1260-1350 82 Mean of 20 manors in eastern Norfolk, called "exceptional by the standards of the day" (Campbell, 1983)
1300-24 48 Seven manors in Essex and Hertfordshire (Farmer, 1983)
1300-24 113 Prior of Norwich's manor at Martham in Norfolk (Campbell, 1983)
1325-49 53 Mean of county averages in the bishopric of Winchester manors (Titow, 1972, p. 149)
1325-49 46 Seven manors in Essex and Hertfordshire (Farmer, 1983)
1333-34 22-88 Manor records mentioned by Rogers in Agriculture and Prices as cited by Percival (1934, p. 40)
1350-80 44 Seven manors in Essex and Hertfordshire (Farmer, 1983)
1381-1410 49 Seven manors in Essex and Hertfordshire (Farmer, 1983)
1390-1400 44 Good years at Hawsted demesne (manor) on "land, usually better tilled than non-demesne land" (Curtler, 1909, p. 67)
1396-97 39 Bishopric of Winchester manors, from Gras' The Evolution of the English Corn Market as cited by Percival (1934), p. 40
1400-24 69 Prior of Norwich's manor at Martham in Norfolk (Campbell, 1983)
1500 44-55 A `normal crop' (Percival, 1934, p. 40)
1560-69 62 Hertfordshire (Glennie, 1988)
1570-80 101-134 `Well tilled and dressed' fields, based on Harrison's Description of Britain as cited by Curtler (1909), p. 91
1600 88 `Common fields' according to Maxey (1601) as cited by Percival (1934), p. 41
1630-39 63 Hertfordshire (Glennie, 1988)
1642-47 81-108 A `good crop' according to Hartlib (1651) as cited by Percival (1934)
1670 95 Surrey (Bowden, 1985)
1688 93 East Anglia, from Overton (1983) as cited by Turner (1984)
1685-95 67-103 British average from Bennett (1935)based on Gregory King's statistics
1690-99 76 Hertfordshire (Glennie, 1988)
1700 83 East Anglia, from Overton (1983) as cited by Turner (1984)
1700 54-134 England and Wales (Overton, 1984)
1710 76 East Anglia, from Overton (1983) as cited by Turner (1984)
1712 107 Normal season... at Southwick in Hants" (Curtler, 1909, p. 165, citing Hampshire Notes and Queries)
1715-65 134 `About the average' (Curtler, 1909, p. 179)
1726 134+ Enclosed lands (Curtler, 1909, p. 165, citing John Lawrence's New System of Agriculture)
1730 99 East Anglia, from Overton (1983) as cited by Turner (1984)
1750 108 Probable British average (Beckett, 1990, p. 57)
1750-60 99-116 British average from Bennett (1935) based on Charles Smith's statistics
1750-70 121 Holderness (1989)
1760-70 94-181 England and Wales (Overton, 1984)
1770 81 Average crop on poor land, from Arthur Young's Rural Economy as cited by Curtler (1909), p. 197
1770 188 Average crop on good land, from Arthur Young's Rural Economy as cited by Curtler (1909), p. 198
1770 155 From Arthur Young as cited by Curtler (1909), p. 285
1782 134-168 `Average' in Surrey (Curtler, 1909, p. 180)
late 1700s 134-168 County Agricultural Surveys as cited by Percival (1934)
1794 112-116 Thirty-four parishes in Northamptonshire (Turner, 1986)
1794 113 English average, but poor year (Turner, 1982)
1795 100-110 Thirty-four parishes in Northamptonshire (Turner, 1986)
1795 105 English average, but poor year (Turner, 1982)
1790-1800 131 English average for average year (Turner, 1982)
1795-1800 144+ Holderness (1989)
1800 147 `A very deficient harvest' (Holderness, 1989)
| Year(s) | Yield (g per square meter) | Notes and source |
|---|---|---|
| 1209-1349 | 39-76 | Range of individual-manor averages in the bishopric of Winchester (Titow, 1972, p. 148) |
| 1200-1450 | 54-57 | British average `guess' by Bennett (1935 )based on analysis of William Beveridge's summary |
| 1243-48 | 28 | Combe, Oxfordshire (Curtler, 1909, p. 33) |
| 1250 | 33-55 | Estimates by Walter of Henley as cited by Curtler (1909), p. 33 |
| 1271-99 | 55 | Seven manors in Essex and Hertfordshire (Farmer, 1983) |
| 1290-1306 | 55 | Manor of Forncett, from Davenport's A Norfolk Manor as cited by Curtler (1909), p. 33 |
| 1260-1350 | 82 | Mean of 20 manors in eastern Norfolk, called "exceptional by the standards of the day" (Campbell, 1983) |
| 1300-24 | 48 | Seven manors in Essex and Hertfordshire (Farmer, 1983) |
| 1300-24 | 113 | Prior of Norwich's manor at Martham in Norfolk (Campbell, 1983) |
| 1325-49 | 53 | Mean of county averages in the bishopric of Winchester manors (Titow, 1972, p. 149) |
| 1325-49 | 46 | Seven manors in Essex and Hertfordshire (Farmer, 1983) |
| 1333-34 | 22-88 | Manor records mentioned by Rogers in Agriculture and Prices as cited by Percival (1934, p. 40) |
| 1350-80 | 44 | Seven manors in Essex and Hertfordshire (Farmer, 1983) |
| 1381-1410 | 49 | Seven manors in Essex and Hertfordshire (Farmer, 1983) |
| 1390-1400 | 44 | Good years at Hawsted demesne (manor) on "land, usually better tilled than non-demesne land" (Curtler, 1909, p. 67) |
| 1396-97 | 39 | Bishopric of Winchester manors, from Gras' The Evolution of the English Corn Market as cited by Percival (1934), p. 40 |
| 1400-24 | 69 | Prior of Norwich's manor at Martham in Norfolk (Campbell, 1983) |
| 1500 | 44-55 | A `normal crop' (Percival, 1934, p. 40) |
| 1560-69 | 62 | Hertfordshire (Glennie, 1988) |
| 1570-80 | 101-134 | `Well tilled and dressed' fields, based on Harrison's Description of Britain as cited by Curtler (1909), p. 91 |
| 1600 | 88 | `Common fields' according to Maxey (1601) as cited by Percival (1934), p. 41 |
| 1630-39 | 63 | Hertfordshire (Glennie, 1988) |
| 1642-47 | 81-108 | A `good crop' according to Hartlib (1651) as cited by Percival (1934) |
| 1670 | 95 | Surrey (Bowden, 1985) |
| 1688 | 93 | East Anglia, from Overton (1983) as cited by Turner (1984) |
| 1685-95 | 67-103 | British average from Bennett (1935)based on Gregory King's statistics |
| 1690-99 | 76 | Hertfordshire (Glennie, 1988) |
| 1700 | 83 | East Anglia, from Overton (1983) as cited by Turner (1984) |
| 1700 | 54-134 | England and Wales (Overton, 1984) |
| 1710 | 76 | East Anglia, from Overton (1983) as cited by Turner (1984) |
| 1712 | 107 | Normal season... at Southwick in Hants" (Curtler, 1909, p. 165, citing Hampshire Notes and Queries) |
| 1715-65 | 134 | `About the average' (Curtler, 1909, p. 179) |
| 1726 | 134+ | Enclosed lands (Curtler, 1909, p. 165, citing John Lawrence's New System of Agriculture) |
| 1730 | 99 | East Anglia, from Overton (1983) as cited by Turner (1984) |
| 1750 | 108 | Probable British average (Beckett, 1990, p. 57) |
| 1750-60 | 99-116 | British average from Bennett (1935) based on Charles Smith's statistics |
| 1750-70 | 121 | Holderness (1989) |
| 1760-70 | 94-181 | England and Wales (Overton, 1984) |
| 1770 | 81 | Average crop on poor land, from Arthur Young's Rural Economy as cited by Curtler (1909), p. 197 |
| 1770 | 188 | Average crop on good land, from Arthur Young's Rural Economy as cited by Curtler (1909), p. 198 |
| 1770 | 155 | From Arthur Young as cited by Curtler (1909), p. 285 |
| 1782 | 134-168 | `Average' in Surrey (Curtler, 1909, p. 180) |
| late 1700s | 134-168 | County Agricultural Surveys as cited by Percival (1934) |
| 1794 | 112-116 | Thirty-four parishes in Northamptonshire (Turner, 1986) |
| 1794 | 113 | English average, but poor year (Turner, 1982) |
| 1795 | 100-110 | Thirty-four parishes in Northamptonshire (Turner, 1986) |
| 1795 | 105 | English average, but poor year (Turner, 1982) |
| 1790-1800 | 131 | English average for average year (Turner, 1982) |
| 1795-1800 | 144+ | Holderness (1989) |
| 1800 | 147 | `A very deficient harvest' (Holderness, 1989) |