{"chart":{"title":"Total fertility rate  vs cohort fertility rate vs tempo-adjusted total fertility rate","subtitle":"Three measures of fertility rate are compared: the total fertility rate (a summary metric based on birth rates across different age groups of women in one particular year); the completed cohort fertility rate (the average number of children born to a woman by the end of her childbearing years); and the tempo-adjusted total fertility rate (which aims to adjust for changes in the timing of childbearing).","note":"The completed cohort fertility rate is typically given by the woman's birth year. In this chart, it has been shifted +30 years to see how the two measures compare at roughly the average age of mothers at childbirth.","citation":"Human Fertility Database (2026)","originalChartUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/total-fertility-rate-vs-cohort-fertility-rate-vs-tempo-adjusted-tfr","selection":["Sweden"]},"columns":{"Period total fertility rate - Total":{"titleShort":"Fertility rate: births per woman","titleLong":"Fertility rate: births per woman - HFD","descriptionShort":"Average number of children a woman would have in her lifetime if she experienced the fertility rates of a specific year.","descriptionKey":"- Assumes current age-specific fertility rates remain constant throughout a woman’s lifetime.\n- Does not account for potential changes in social, economic, or health conditions that could affect fertility rates.","descriptionProcessing":"HFD's data for France covers metropolitan France only. It doesn't include the overseas departments.","unit":"births per woman","timespan":"1891-2025","type":"Numeric","owidVariableId":1353582,"shortName":"tfr__birth_order_total","lastUpdated":"2026-10-22","nextUpdate":"2027-10-22","citationShort":"Human Fertility Database (2026) – with minor processing by Our World in Data","citationLong":"Human Fertility Database (2026) – with minor processing by Our World in Data. “Fertility rate: births per woman – HFD” [dataset]. Human Fertility Database, “Human Fertility Database” [original data].","fullMetadata":"https://api.ourworldindata.org/v1/indicators/1353582.metadata.json"},"Completed cohort fertility rate (adjusted +30 years) - Total":{"titleShort":"Completed cohort fertility rate shifted +30 years","titleLong":"Completed cohort fertility rate shifted +30 years","descriptionShort":"Average number of children born to women in the 30-years-ago cohort over their lifetime.","descriptionKey":"- Shows the total number of children that women born in the same year have by the end of their childbearing years.\n- Helps compare how many children different generations of women have on average.\n- Calculated using the actual number of births recorded at different ages throughout a woman’s childbearing years.","descriptionProcessing":"We shift the completed cohort fertility rate forward by 30 years: the value shown for year X is the completed cohort fertility rate of women born in year X − 30. This makes it easier to compare with the period total fertility rate in the years when these women were having children.\n\nHFD's data for France covers metropolitan France only. It doesn't include the overseas departments.","unit":"births per woman","timespan":"1906-2005","type":"Numeric","owidVariableId":1353391,"shortName":"ccf_plus30y__birth_order_total","lastUpdated":"2026-10-22","nextUpdate":"2027-10-22","citationShort":"Human Fertility Database (2026) – with major processing by Our World in Data","citationLong":"Human Fertility Database (2026) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Completed cohort fertility rate shifted +30 years – HFD” [dataset]. Human Fertility Database, “Human Fertility Database” [original data].","fullMetadata":"https://api.ourworldindata.org/v1/indicators/1353391.metadata.json"},"Tempo-adjusted total fertility rate - Total":{"titleShort":"Tempo-adjusted total fertility rate","titleLong":"Tempo-adjusted total fertility rate","descriptionShort":"Total fertility rate adjusted to account for delays or advances in childbearing.","descriptionKey":"- The total fertility rate (TFR) has been adjusted using a method proposed by [Bongaarts and Feeney](https://doi.org/10.2307/2807974). It sums order-specific TFRs and adjusts for changes in the mean age of order-specific fertility schedule.\n- The tempo-adjusted TFR adjusts for timing shifts in childbearing, such as postponement of births.\n- The tempo-adjusted TFR helps to distinguish between changes in the number of children women have and changes in the timing of when they have them.\n- The tempo-adjusted TFR often displays large year-to-year fluctuations ([Sobotka 2003](https://www.demographic-research.org/articles/volume/8/6)), which can make its use for specific years problematic. Therefore, three- or five-year moving averages are often used to smooth out fluctuations.\n- Requires careful interpretation, as the adjustment is based on specific assumptions about timing effects.","descriptionProcessing":"HFD's data for France covers metropolitan France only. It doesn't include the overseas departments.","unit":"births per woman","timespan":"1934-2024","type":"Numeric","owidVariableId":1353574,"shortName":"adjtfr__birth_order_total","lastUpdated":"2026-10-22","nextUpdate":"2027-10-22","citationShort":"Human Fertility Database (2026) – with minor processing by Our World in Data","citationLong":"Human Fertility Database (2026) – with minor processing by Our World in Data. “Tempo-adjusted total fertility rate – HFD” [dataset]. Human Fertility Database, “Human Fertility Database” [original data].","fullMetadata":"https://api.ourworldindata.org/v1/indicators/1353574.metadata.json"}},"dateDownloaded":"2026-10-31"}